The Long Term Effects Of Polio - 967 Words

The government has a duty to protect the citizen of a population. Government cannot sit idly and watch people suffer and not do anything because a few citizens are against vaccination. Government has to protect mankind. This might seem paternalistic by the government but it is for the good of a society. For example, when seats belts were mandated to protect every individual in a society (McLeod, 2014). The long-term effect of polio is reported that 1 in 200 cases result in irreversible paralysis (McLeod, 2014). While 1 or 2 in 200 cases of whooping cough result in infants’ death (McLeod, 2014). With these numbers the government has the right to express their paternalistic view. The government also has to find a balance between parent’s autonomy and the right to protect the population. When parents and government realize that they have the same goals to protect children then a dialogue can open up on how to get more parents to vaccinate there children. People cannot di sregard the goals of another if they are to act morally (Loewey Loewey, 2000, p.35). Consequentialist Theory Does the end justify the means using the consequentiality theory? Does parents choosing not to vaccinate instead leaving it up to chance for their child to suffer from an infectious disease and put the population at risk? I know parents do not want to do no harm to the population or their child but that is exactly what they are doing by not vaccinating their kids. I am sure parents withShow MoreRelatedPolio Vaccine in America1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Polio Vaccine in America When my daughter was a baby, and we decided to delay vaccination, a friend of my mother-in-law seemed thrilled with our decision. However, she advised to look into the polio vaccine because there wasn t much they could do if someone did contract polio. During my research, I have found that the polio vaccine is all but completely  unnecessary for anyone in the United States. Let s take a look at some of the most interesting information I have found. Taken directlyRead MoreEssay1203 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about all the jobs that were made available because people became ill? According to the National Center on Caregiving based on the February 2015 poll, â€Å"annually 8,357,100 people receive support from five main long-term care services; home health agencies (4,742,500), nursing homes (1,383,700), hospice nurses (1,244,500), residential care communities (713,300) and adult day service centers (273,200)†. These figures are astounding and have only increased in recent years. In additionRead MoreTaking a Look at Poliomyelitis1689 Words   |  7 Pages A highly infectious disease caused by virus is â€Å"POLIO† which can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours due to invasion of nervous tissue. The polio virus consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell known as capsid. There are three serotypes of wild polio virus; type 1, type 2, and type 3 each of them with their different capsid protein. Type 1 and 3 are highly infectious but 1 is the most pervasive strain of polio and 3 are at low levels. In the 20th century itRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdiseases. Because of its live-attenuated organism, which means the pathogens were partially killed to lessen the harmful effects, it can still trigger an infection particularly with those who has a very weak immune system. Thus, vaccines should not be given to young infants because of their high risk of acquiring an infection that could eventually cause them long term effects. Rather, vaccinations should be delayed until the infant is a toddler (18 months to 3 years), and he has fully stabilizedRead MoreReducing Deaths from Infectious Disease in Austrailia948 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent in Australia in the 20th century, Poliomyelitis (Polio) was considered the most terrifying of diseases, as the â€Å"prospect of paralysis and permanent disability† was particularly frightening2. Public authorities and Australian community organisations such as Rotary4 have been critic al to the success of national campaigns to educate, coordinate and fund vaccination programs. However, although Australia was finally declared a â€Å"polio free zone† in 2000, the disease is still a threat to travellersRead MoreBenefits Of Getting Vaccinated Far Out Weigh The Risks Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesnearly 40% of parents in the United States following along. But it is due to these vaccines that most children today have never experienced diseases such as polio or the measles such as their grandparents have. Since they have not seen these diseases, parents feel it is unnecessary to vaccinate them for fear of developing the possible side effects or because of reports they cause autism. However, these vaccines are critical for eradicating these deadly infectious diseases, and are vitally needed toRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1404 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom September 2 through October 5 there has already been 23991 adverse reactions reported. However , some of these reported cases can be mild, that number is still extremely high. Any child can receive an adverse reaction. Every vaccine has side effects as well. Robert Kennedy, famous in the US politics was one of the few people who smoke up about vaccines. He believed that vaccines for mumps, measles, and rubella or MMR are unsafe due to the fact that all these vaccines have thimerosal. ThimerosalRead MoreA Brief Look at Poliomyelitis1377 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Poliomyelitis is often called polio, this polio is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus which can spread from person to person via the fecal- oral route. The term poliomyelitis means inflammation of the spinal cord of the grey matter. In severe poliomyelitis infection it can expand to the brainstem. Polio is so contagious that anyone living with a person that is recently affected can spread the virus for weeks in their feces. It invades the nervous system and spread withinRead MoreVaccine and Vaccinations Nicole Tuttle1721 Words   |  7 Pagesand their purpose A. Vaccinations for children. B. Diseases vaccinations protect against. C. Vaccines recommended for adults. V. Benefits of vaccinations A. The benefits of vaccinations. VI. Disadvantages of vaccinations A. Possible side effects of vaccinations. VII. Conclusion A. Where to find helpful information on vaccines. B. Thesis statement (It is important to be educated about vaccinations to be able to make an informed decision on whether or not to receive a vaccination). Read MoreShould We Make Medical Decisions For Children?1490 Words   |  6 PagesChildren all over the world are being punished by parents who refuse to vaccinate them. They are being punished by diseases such as Polio, Rubella, and Measles. These diseases are the cause of millions of children throughout time being maimed, crippled, and killed. Diseases such as these have no place in the modern world where they are easily preventable. There are a few health risks with vaccinations, but there are health risks with everything we do. The chemicals in vaccines can look scary and

The American Civil War - 2092 Words

The american civil war was a war fought in the United States between northern Union and southern Confederate states from 1861 to 1865, in which the Confederacy sought to establish itself as a separate nation. This war involved both economic factors with ideological factors. The most notable of each being that the southern economy heavily relied on slavery and that people in the north had been increasingly opposing slavery due to its philosophical implications. During the period of this ar european superpowers such as France, russia and Great Britain were involved with america in multiple ways, which influenced the course of the war. American society, though it continued to evolve, was heavily influenced by the european colonies that settled in the area centuries ago. The south still consisted of large plantations owned by the relatives of the slave holders from the caribbean. The plantations were mostly worked by slaves who were born in america due to the earlier abolition of the at lantic slave trade by european powers. These plantations produced cotton which was sold to european nations during the war and this economic system justified the continuation of slavery. The north became industriously urban , the near entirety of production being done by wage workers and becoming region filled with cities. Due to the fact that the north was originally settled by the religiously devout and economically driven traders, slavery was never a notable part of the societal image. TheShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the o ther hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined the ir cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Atticus Finch free essay sample

The Lawyer Who Believes In Equality Lawyers are supposed to be compassionate and willing to fight for justice. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is a well respected man in the town he lives in called Maycomb County. He is a lawyer who is trying to defend a black man, who is accused of raping a white woman. This is such an important case because it is a white man against a black man in court where race is not supposed to matter. Atticus tries his hardest to make the jury believe Tom Robinson is not guilty and has done nothing wrong. â€Å"One more thing, gentlemen, before I quit. Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal† (Lee 273), Atticus said before he took his seat. By saying this to the jury, they thought twice about what they were already thinking about Robinson. â€Å"The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this court room is. We will write a custom essay sample on Atticus Finch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Lee 271), Atticus also says this because he wants the jury to think of all the facts again appointed to them earlier in the trail. The jury can make an educated guess on who actually abused her because of all of the facts they were reminded of. All of this is enough to make anybody with common sense and a heart to say that the defendant is not guilty but also for them to understand the bigger problem in Maycomb County which is racism. Citation Lee, Harper . To Kill A Mockingbird. Grand Central Publishing, print. Atticus Finch free essay sample Everyone needs a role model in life, someone to teach them morals and lessons. In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch just happens to be the perfect role model for not only his own children but the entire Maycomb County. He sets examples not only as lawyer, but as a father and teaches his children the necessary morals to function as model citizens in society. Atticus was proven as a fantastic lawyer throughout the book, and everyone in the county could attest to it. Well he can make somebody’s will so airtight can’t nobody meddle with it,† Miss Maudie told Jem and Scout. (Pg. 95) People from all around the county would come to Atticus to write their Last Will and Testament. This points to the respect that Atticus has and the almost father figure that he is to many people around Maycomb. In addition Atticus is a role model to society, because he did the right thing in the Tom Robinson case. We will write a custom essay sample on Atticus Finch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He knew Tom was innocent, however he knew it would be very controversial to represent a black man. Even though representing Tom went against what was acceptable in society, he did it anyway and stood up for his morals and beliefs. This served as a lesson to both his kids and society. Atticus was a great role model for his children and positively influenced them over the course of the book. He treats his children like normal human-beings and because of this, Jem and Scout are very well grounded. He teaches his kids how to read and stresses the importance of school and their education. â€Å"If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have. (Pg. 31) Even though Scout’s teacher tells him not to teach her to read, he not only stands up for what he believes in, he is able to use his understanding of Scout and how she functions and use that to teach her the importance of school and a good education. Atticus is a great parent and lawyer. He is able to teach his children the skills and behaviors to succeed, all while balancing a successful career and serve as a role model to society. By being an honest man and following his heart, Atticus Finch is a model citizen.

Zappos Essay Example

Zappos Paper Zappos, an online retailer, is proving that an unfamiliar approach to business can also help grow revenue. Zappos revenue grew from $1. 6 million in 2000 to $1. 64 billion in 2010. How can a company focused on happiness be successful? Zappos corporate culture and focus on customer satisfaction has made it both successful and a model for other companies. Zappos focus on stakeholder happiness contributed to its success. Tony Hseih in his book Delivering Happiness says, â€Å"It’s a brand about happiness, whether to customers or employees or even vendors† (Delivering Happiness) In 2000, entrepreneur Tony Hsieh became the company’s CEO. Hsieh was 26 at the time and surprisingly was not sold on the idea of an Internet shoe store. He told Inc. magazine, â€Å"It sounded like the poster child of bad internet ideas†¦ but I got sucked in. † (Delivering Happiness) After becoming CEO, Hsieh made an unconventional decision to keep Zappos going, proving his commitment by selling his own home to pay for a new warehouse. While the company was also struggling at first, his salary was set at $24. After the dot-com crash in 2002, Zappos was able to recover with sales of $32 million, but was still not profitable. In 2003, the company decided that in order to offer the best customer service, it had to control the whole value chain, from order fulfillment to delivery. In 2004 Zappos made the move to Vegas, in an effort to use the larger pool of experienced call center employees to its advantage. In 2007 the company generated its first profit after reaching $840 million in annual sales. Zappos also started to be recognized for its unique work environment and approach to customer service. Today because of social media everyone quickly gets to see the values and drivers behind a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marketers, managers, and all people in leadership positions need to change and adapt to this new world. When a company is able to deliver customers a certain â€Å"WOW† factor service, the company has reached an accomplishment and has gone above and beyond a customer’s expectations. As a consumer of many goods, it is more than fair to say that most would return to business when previous business has been fantastic. Zappos is an extremely successful company that has built its business on 10 core values. The â€Å"10 commandments† influence everything from hiring to merit raises and firing. The company hires to these core values and 50% of every employee’s annual review is based on them. These values may come across as simple, such as â€Å"delivering wow service† but when executed in the right way build a strong company with a phenomenal reputation. Zappos does not consider itself to be an average company, and therefore strives to deliver their customers service that is anything but average. In conjunction with these beliefs, Zappo’s first core value is to â€Å"deliver wow through service†. The extraordinary service is not just provided to the customers, but to their co-workers, vendors, and partners. This philosophy is strictly based on service, and does not correspond with anything through monetary value. The goal is to aim directly on the receiver’s emotions and build a strong relationship. Hsieh writes that â€Å" It’s important to act with integrity in your relationships, to be compassionate, friendly, loyal, and to make sure that you do the right thing and treat your relationships well (P. 176). Although Zappos may not offer their customer’s promotional codes, great service is always being promoted with anyone in contact with the company to ensure a positive experience. In this era of business, it is extremely crucial that companies are willing to adapt as the business world continues to change. Zappo’s second core value not only accepts that there is change but is to â€Å"embrace and drive change† but understands that â€Å"part of being in a growing company is that change is constant†. Not only does Zappo welcome the change, it does something more significant; it drives it. The CEO of Zappo has stated that â€Å"If changing our business model is what’s going to save us, then we need to embrace and drive change† (P. 100). As the world and business tends to evolve, now more rapidly then ever, the company is able to stay ahead by driving the change and evolving faster then the competition. Changing and service are not the only keys to success as the third core value is to â€Å"create fun and a little weirdness†. This is another driving force that Zappo possesses that differentiates itself from other companies. The company culture embraces fun and humor. Zappos strives to have a unique and memorable personality. There company culture is what makes it successful, and they believe that embracing their diversity and each person’s individuality will help with creativity. Through this culture a positive result has been the support of people to â€Å"think outside the box†. When you are combining weirdness and having a little fun at work, it is a win- win for everyone. Employees are more engaged in the work that they do, and the company as a whole becomes more innovative. Zappos is a risk taking organization where making mistakes is encouraged. You do not hear that too often, as we discussed in class mistakes are frown upon, at Apple the employees are sometimes beaten! At Zappos, call center workers are prompted to try new things to delight customers. Managers are asked to take their team members out of the office as a way to get them to think about their jobs differently and create stronger bonds. There main goal is to be adventurous, creative and open minded. To encourage learning, the Zappos lobby has several bookshelves fully stocked with top business and management book ranging from â€Å"Peak† to â€Å"Made to Stick† and â€Å"Good to Great†. These are made free to employees, and they are also encouraged to enroll in the classes the company offers to learn new skills. If an employee does not want to follow the 5th value of â€Å"Pursue Growth and Leaning† they will not be at Zappos very long. In order to build strong relationships with their employees the company stresses communication. Zappos is big on transparency and having employees say what they think. If a confidential talk is needed, they supply a full- time life coach who will listen to any complaints, career advice, family advice, or anything else that might be bothering an employee. Employees work together, play together, and have come to think of each other as members of an extended family. Zappos 7th value is to â€Å"build a positive team and family spirit†. Since most of our adult lives are spent working, they want a close group of people who can enjoy each other. After a lay off of 124 workers to cut expenses, Zappos began to look for other ways to watch expenses. It posted a â€Å"do more with less† attitude. After training sessions the company would have a â€Å"happy hour† to help new employees bond with existing employees. This would cost around $3,000. Today, the happy hour has become a $110 in house ice cream social, and has actually gotten more positive reviews from employees than the open bar. Zappos’ 9th value is to be passionate and determined, but not only about your job. Employees are encouraged to bring all outside passions into the workplace. For example, if someone was running a charity event and wanted to get the company involved, the company stresses to bring the idea forward. In order for a company to stay on top, they have to realize there is always room for improvement. The 10th value â€Å"be humble† is key to what keeps Zappos at the top of the game. â€Å"Even though a ton of companies come to us to learn about how we do things, we always say, these are some things that we’re doing that are working, but what you guys doing? We always recognize there’s more to do† (Zappos Website) The key to having a positive work environment depends on hiring the right people. Zappos is looking for people with a sense of humor who can work hard and play hard. They take a different approach to interviewing, asking cartoon questions and other different questions to find out a persons true personality. Potential employees also go through both cultural and technical interviews to make sure they will fit with the company. When hired, they attend a five week training program. After the training program, all employees are offered $2,000 to $3,000 payment to leave the company and quit! Paying new hires to leave may seem like a waste of money, but to Zappos it makes simple sense. This is a way to them to weed out the people who are only there for a paycheck. For them, building culture is more about the money. Without question, Hsieh’s number one message in his book is that top notch customer service is a core competency and a big part of Zappos business model and success. Many companies still believe that customer service is more of a cost than a gain. The cost of acquiring a new customer is often so high that concentrating on your current customer is far more rewarding. Zappos does not outsource its call center operations, and they employee representatives with a high Emotional Intelligence. Employees have free reign in their decision making and are expected to spend as much time as they need on any customers. They help customers shop, (even on competitor’s websites) and will do anything it takes to make the shopping experience memorable. Zappos believes that great customer experiences encourage customers to use the online store again. Word of mouth marketing is the best way to reach new customers. The company has over 75 percent of purchases made by repeat customers. This shows that the mission to â€Å"provide the best customer service possible† is working well for the company. Each year a culture book is published. Inside the pages of this book, all stakeholders within the Zappos circle of influence are invited to give candid feedback on their experience. Hsieh insists that associates contribute honestly to this new process. In his email to stakeholders to write in this book, he requests their responses in this way: â€Å"Remember there are no wrong answers. We want to know what the Zappos culture means to you specifically at this point in time, and we expect different responses from different people. † The responses from every genre of stakeholder are a verification of the core values alive and well in the foundation of this company. Whether it’s selling shoes online or managing the next mission to Mars, having a clear understanding of your stakeholders is probably the biggest differentiator project leaders can bring to the table. Zappos is an excellent example that demonstrates that providing superior value to stakeholders above and beyond what is expected can make the difference between a great and a mediocre outcome. The strength of Zappos beliefs were put test on May 21, 2010. A computer glitch caused a flaw in the website, putting the price of every product on the site to be reset to $49. 50. Within six hours of discovering the error, Zappos employees had fixed the glitch. When the glitch was fixed, Zappos surprisingly announced that they would honor every transaction. This decision cost Zappos over $1. 6 million. To me, this served as another example of how Zappos stayed true to its culture and core values and deliver a â€Å"WOW through customer service. Delivering Happiness is further proof that the workplace doesn’t have to be hostile and ruthless in order for companies to succeed. Zappos has been able to build a successful brand because it created and developed a culture that was focused on treating customers and coworkers well. Tony Hsieh realized early on that in the competitive market of shoe retailing, he must make his employees happy in order to thrive. A happy employee is better equipped to provide great service to customers.

buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay

buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay Mr Harveys chances of recovering are high and the health professionals should base their decision on this fact. The fact that he has been improving is a good sign that he will be well if he continues with his treatment. The health professionals are guided by medical ethics, which guides them to make decisions, which are of best interest to all the concerned parties. In a situation such as this where they are in a dilemma and do not know whether to lie to the medical authorities in order to save the life of Mr. Harvey or to tell the truth and let his condition worsen, they should therefore base their decision on the medical ethic (Beachamp, 2001). In this case, moral values are in conflict and the decision they make will affect either the patient or them. They should prioritise the patients recovery rather than the Medicare authorities. The decision lies solely on them as the patient is in a comma, and they will use paternalism approach to determine the best course of action. Even though paternalism has been criticized in the past, and many opting for autonomy, where the patient makes the decisions, it cannot be so in this case for the patient is in a comma. Unfortunately, they are not the only parties that are concerned. They are the ones who will influence the decision of the Medicare authorities to either continue or discontinue paying Mr. Harveys bills. Another option they can consider is to advocate for a change in the terms and conditions provided by the Medicare authorities, considering the fact that Mr. Harvey is showing signs of recovery. They can do this by finding outcomes that will benefit both the patient and the Medicare authorities (Baruch, 1988). They can also use Beneficence which is the ethical obligation to do the right and good things for other people in according to their needs. In the case of Mr. Harvey, the best option is to lie to the authorities so that he can continue with his treatment. Buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay

A Book Review of The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn

A Book Review of The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn Since it was first published in 1993, The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn has provided reassurance for children dealing with difficult transitions and situations. While the focus of the picture book is on fears about starting school, the reassurance and comfort the book provides can be applied to many different situations. Summary of The Kissing Hand The Kissing Hand is the story of Chester Raccoon, who is terrified to tears at the thought of starting kindergarten and being away from his home, his mother and his usual activities. His mother reassures him about all the good things he will find at school, including new friends, toys, and books. Best of all, she tells Chester that she has a wonderful secret that will make him feel at home at school. Its a secret, passed down to Chesters mother by her mother and to her mother by Chesters great-grandmother. The name of the secret is the Kissing Hand. Chester wants to know more, so his mother shows him the secret of the Kissing Hand. After kissing Chesters palm, his mother tells him, Whenever you feel lonely and need a little loving from home, just press your hand to your chest and think, Mommy loves you. Chester is reassured to know that his mothers love will be with him wherever he goes, even kindergarten. Chester is then inspired to give his mother a kissing hand by kissing her palm, which makes her very happy. He then happily goes off to school. The story is slightly stronger than the illustrations, which while colorful, are not as well executed as they could be. However, kids will find Chester to be appealing in both the story and the illustrations. At the end of the book, there is a page of small red heart-shaped stickers that have the words The Kissing Hand printed on each of them in white. This is a nice touch; teachers and counselors can give out the stickers after reading the story to a class or parents can use one whenever a child needs reassurance. According to her website, Audrey Penn was inspired to write The Kissing Hand as a result of something shed seen and something she did as a result. Shed seen a raccoon kiss the palm of her cub, and then the cub put the kiss on his face. When Penns daughter was scared about starting kindergarten, Penn reassured her with a kiss to the palm of her daughters hand. Her daughter was comforted, knowing the kiss would go with her wherever she went, including school. About the Author, Audrey Penn After her career as a ballerina came to an end when she became ill with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Audrey Penn found a new career as a writer. However, she began writing a journal when she was in the fourth grade and continued writing as she was growing up. Those early writings became the basis for her first book, Happy Apple Told Me, published in 1975. The Kissing Hand, her fourth book, was published in 1993 and has become her most well-known book. Audrey Penn received the Educational Press Association of Americas Distinguished Achievement Award for Excellence in Educational Journalism for The Kissing Hand. Penn has written about 20 books for children. In all, Audrey Penn has written 6 picture books about Chester Raccoon and his mother, each focusing on a different situation that can be difficult for a child to deal with: A Pocket Full of Kisses (a new baby brother), A Kiss Goodbye (moving, going to a new school), Chester Raccoon and the Big Bad Bully (dealing with a bully), Chester Raccoon and the Acorn Full of Memories (the death of a friend) and Chester the Brave (overcoming fears), She also wrote A Bedtime Kiss for Chester Raccoon, a board book dealing with bedtime fears. As to why she writes about animals, Penn explains, Everyone can identify with an animal. I never have to worry about prejudice or hurting someones feelings if I use an animal instead of a person.   About the Illustrators, Ruth E. Harper and Nancy M. Leak Ruth E. Harper, who was born in England, has a background as an art teacher. In addition to illustrating The Kissing Hand along with Nancy M. Leak, Harper illustrated Penns picture book Sassafras. Harper uses a variety of media in her work, including pencil, charcoal, pastel, watercolor, and acrylic. Artist Nancy Leak, who lives in Maryland, is known for her printmaking. Barbara Leonard Gibson is the illustrator of all of Audrey Penns other picture books and board books about Chester Raccoon.   Review and Recommendation The Kissing Hand has provided a lot of comfort for scared children over the years. Many schools will read it to a new kindergarten class to ease their fears. In most cases, children are already familiar with the story and the idea of the kissing hand really resonates with young ones. The Kissing Hand was originally published in 1993 by the Child Welfare League of America. In the foreword to the book, Jean Kennedy Smith, founder of Very Special Arts, writes, The Kissing Hand is a story for any child who confronts a difficult situation, and for the child within each of us who sometimes needs reassurance. This book is perfect for children 3 to 8 years old who need comforting and reassurance. (Tanglewood Press, 2006.) More Recommended Picture Books If you are looking for bedtime stories for young children that are reassuring, Amy Hests Kiss Good Night, illustrated by Anita Jeram, is a good recommendation, as is Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown, with illustrations by Clement Hurd. For young children worried about starting school, the following picture books will help ease their fears: First Grade Jitters by Robert Quackenbush, with illustrations by Yan Nascimbene, and Mary Ann Rodmans First Grade Stinks! illustrated by Beth Spiegel. Sources: Audrey Penns website, Tanglewood Press

Canadian History post confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadian History post confederation - Essay Example The threat of 'race suicide' loomed large in the outlook of housing reformers as it did in all the social improvement campaigns of the era. It was widely believed that the deplorable health of the working class, most visibly demonstrated in the high failure rates in military medical inspections, and the large-scale 'infiltration' of non-British immigrants would jeopardize the future of the Anglo-Saxon 'race.' One worrying development noted by reformers was the hesitancy of landlords to rent dwellings to families with children. This reluctance was commonly noted by observers of the urban scene and became particularly serious after the war with the housing shortage. It represented a concrete manifestation of the potential conflict of interest between different sections of capital -- industrialists and landlords -- over questions such as the reproduction of the workforce. As one conservative union bureaucrat in Toronto, J.T. Gunn, put it blatantly in 1920, 'Landlords object to children, with the result that we are drifting into race suicide.' 'Race' was a loosely defined term used extensively by social commentators to designate the peculiar social attributes that allegedly derived from the biology or culture of a particular people. In the English-Canadian case, this attitude was largely rooted in a sense of the inherent superiority of British 'stock' and constituted a fundamental element of the social hierarchy. It reflected the ideological legacy of the conquest of French Canada and the Native peoples, the Anglo-chauvinism associated with the international hegemony of the British Empire, and the Eurocentric racism linked to colonialism and slavery. Whether one was an environmentalist who believed that active intervention could uplift the social and moral conditions of the indigent and socially 'misfit' or a hereditarian who envisioned that social problems originated in immutable biological traits, there was a common opinion that the Canadian 'race' could be bettered. Neither was there disagreement that the physical, mental, and moral state of the race faced grave danger unless prompt action was taken. Early reformers isolated infectious diseases as the main peril because they threatened to overtake the city as a whole. A 1906 editorial in the Toronto Daily News outlined this threat to the 'respectable' classes: 'The Ward constitutes a constant menace to the physical and moral health of the city. It is an open sore from which flow fetid currents which cannot but be corrupting to the whole community.' The metaphor of disease was widely used to depict the slum housing conditions of immigrants and the poor. Dr Charles Hodgetts, head of the Public Health and Housing section of the COC, argued that temporary shack towns on the outskirts of cities were quickly becoming the 'overcrowded permanent homes of a foreign population -- hot beds of parasitic and communicable diseases and breeders of vice and inequity.' Such bigotry was extended to working-class British and American immigrants as

American History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American History - Research Paper Example This research paper determines to answer to four various questions on American History topic. Firstly, the researcher focuses on the factors that led to the emergence of American middle class. It is stated in the research paper that the middle class comprised of farmers of the white origin, mechanics, and the country’s laborers. The continuous oppression and tactical exploitation of their skills led to the diminishing levels of their incomes. Then, the researcher discusses the quest of Indian removal. It is mentioned that Andrew Jackson observed the negative practices of the Indian tribes of Cherokee, Seminoles, Chickasaw, and the Creek to harbor fugitives as unconstitutional and against his personal will. Therefore, he called upon the military police officers to help eradicate the possible stronghold that the dissidents held. Thirdly, the researcher briefly discussed 3. the Oregon tress and stages of developing a frontier. When the American society discovered that importing l abor from the East Asia was cheaper, merchants took heed to aboard and sail the Asians the American society. This was referred to as obtrusion and the immigrants moved to Oregon and uprisings emerged since the Native American was not accommodating. The act resulted to deaths and loss of property but the government maintained little interest to the ongoing crisis. In conclusion, the researcher also discusses the topic of abolitionism of the American slave practices and the antislavery and the abolitionist movement.... Andrew Jackson further found it obstructing to suppress the five tribes, as their unity would subsequently lead to the emergence of revolts against the American government. Another hindrance was that the accord in which the tribes allowed America to acquire half of their land and develop it without any further threats of secession of the land. The removal affected the Native Americans negatively as the continuous aggression by Andrew eventually led to the forced migration and loss of land to the whites (Tucker, 2009). The Native Americans thus, were subjects to poverty following displacements, with the only choice remaining to be slaves and immigrants. 3. The Oregon tress and stages of developing a frontier When the American society discovered that importing labor from the East Asia was cheaper, merchants took heed to aboard and sail the Asians the American society. This was referred to as obtrusion and the immigrants often lived with animosity with the native and the white communiti es that had lost jobs. They moved to Oregon and uprisings emerged since the Native American was not accommodating (Behrman, 2005). The act resulted to deaths and loss of property but the government maintained little interest to the ongoing crisis. Towards half of the 19th century, the government retaliated to the ethnic aggressions, but this following the killings of white men along the Rouge River as it implicated on the seriousness of the issue. The government interest in the Oregon state was to acquire land for the white farmers while displacing the natives. This led to heated animosity as the native tribes continually aggressed and brutally massacred the aliens including the

Introduction of Sociology Essay Example for Free

Introduction of Sociology Essay 1. I think that sociologist should try to reform society, based on what they have studied about sociology. Because the main job of those sociologists is to study and research about the society and the human behavior, they are the ones who understand it the best. As a result, they should reform it, not others. 2. If I were a sociologist, I would use all of sociological perspectives, because each perspective has its own advantage and disadvantage. * Symbolic Interactionism: According to the symbolic interaction’s perspective, people attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to their subjective interpretation of these symbols. Conversation is an interaction of symbols between individuals who constantly interpret the world around them. Of course, anything can serve as a symbol as long as it refers to something beyond itself. However, with the example about applying Symbolic Interactionism to U.S. marriages and divorces over time, this perspective just shows the slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. * Functional Analysis (Functionalism, and structural functionalism) each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to societys functioning as a whole. This basic approach can be applied to any social group, whether an entire society, a college, or even a group as small as a family. Nevertheless, when any social group loses function, functionalism does not encourage people to take an active role in changing their social environment. * Conflict Theory: conflict theorists stress that society is composed of group that are competing with one another for scarce resources. However, with the example about Feminist, the conflict perspective shows that women are more powerful in making headway in their historical struggle with men. As the result, the combination of 3 perspectives is the best sociological perspective I would use.

United States Foreign Policy Toward Jewish Refugees During 1933-1939 :: History Historical foreign Jews Essays

United States Foreign Policy Toward Jewish Refugees During 1933-1939   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In reviewing the events which gave rise to the U.S.'s foreign policy toward Jewish refugees, we must identify the relevant factors upon which such decisions were made. Factors including the U.S. government's policy mechanisms, it's bureaucracy and public opinion, coupled with the narrow domestic political mindedness of President Roosevelt, lead us to ask; Why was the American government apathetic to the point of culpability, and isolationist to the point of irresponsibility, with respect to the systematic persecution and annihilation of the Jewish people of Europe during the period between 1938-1945?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the years of 1933-1939, led by Neville Chamberlain and the British, the United States was pursuing a policy of appeasement toward Hitler. They had tolerated his military build-up and occupation of the Rhineland, both violations of the Treaty of Versailles, as well as the annexing of Austria and the take-over of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Hitler realized early on in his expansionist campaign that Western leaders were too busy dealing with their own domestic problems to pose any real opposition. In the United States, Americans were wrestling with the ravages of the Great Depression. With the lingering memory of the more than 300,000 U.S. troops either killed or injured in World War I, isolationism was the dominant sentiment in most political circles. Americans were not going to be "dragged" into another war by the British. The Depression had bred increased xenophobia and anti-Semitism, and with upward of 30% unemployment in some industrial areas1, many Americans wanted to see immigration halted completely. It was in this context that the democratic world, led by the United States, was faced with a refugee problem that it was morally bound to deal with. The question then became; what would they do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Persecution of the Jews in Germany began officially on April 1st 1933. Hitler had come to power a few weeks earlier and he immediately began the plan, as outlined in his book Mein Kampf, to eliminate "the eternal mushroom of humanity - Jews".2 German Jews were stripped of their citizenship by the Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 and had their businesses and stockholdings seized in 1938. Civil servants, newspaper editors, soldiers and members of the judiciary were dismissed from their positions, while lawyers and physicians were forbidden to practice. Anti-Jewish violence peaked on 9 November 1938, known as the "Night of the Broken Glass" or Kristallnacht, when over 1000 synagogues were burned. Jewish schools, hospitals, books, cemeteries and homes were also destroyed3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mistreatment of non-Aryans in Germany was common knowledge in the U.S. in 1938. After the anschluss, the flow of

Chapter 33 The Death Eaters

Voldemort looked away from Harry and began examining his own body. His hands were like large, pale spiders; his long white fingers caressed his own chest, his arms, his face; the red eyes, whose pupils were slits, like a cats, gleamed still more brightly through the darkness. He held up his hands and flexed the fingers, his expression rapt and exultant. He took not the slightest notice of Wormtail, who lay twitching and bleeding on the ground, nor of the great snake, which had slithered back into sight and was circling Harry again, hissing. Voldemort slipped one of those unnaturally long-fingered hands into a deep pocket and drew out a wand. He caressed it gently too; and then he raised it, and pointed it at Wormtail, who was lifted off the ground and thrown against the headstone where Harry was tied; he fell to the foot of it and lay there, crumpled up and crying. Voldemort turned his scarlet eyes upon Harry, laughing a high, cold, mirthless laugh. Wormtail's robes were shining with blood now; he had wrapped the stump of his arm in them. â€Å"My Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he choked, â€Å"my Lord†¦you promised†¦you did promise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hold out your arm,† said Voldemort lazily. â€Å"Oh Master†¦thank you, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He extended the bleeding stump, but Voldemort laughed again. â€Å"The other arm, Wormtail.† â€Å"Master, please†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Voldemort bent down and pulled out Wormtail's left arm; he forced the sleeve of Wormtail's robes up past his elbow, and Harry saw something upon the skin there, something like a vivid red tattoo – a skull with a snake protruding from its mouth – the image that had appeared in the sky at the Quidditch World Cup: the Dark Mark. Voldemort examined it carefully, ignoring Wormtail's uncontrollable weeping. â€Å"It is back,† he said softly, â€Å"they will all have noticed it†¦and now, we shall see†¦now we shall know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pressed his long white forefinger to the brand on Wormtail's arm. The scar on Harry's forehead seared with a sharp pain again, and Wormtail let out a fresh howl; Voldemort removed his fingers from Wormtail's mark, and Harry saw that it had turned jet black. A look of cruel satisfaction on his face, Voldemort straightened up, threw back his head, and stared around at the dark graveyard. â€Å"How many will be brave enough to return when they feel it?† he whispered, his gleaming red eyes fixed upon the stars. â€Å"And how many will be foolish enough to stay away?† He began to pace up and down before Harry and Wormtail, eyes sweeping the graveyard all the while. After a minute or so, he looked down at Harry again, a cruel smile twisting his snakelike face. â€Å"You stand, Harry Potter, upon the remains of my late father,† he hissed softly. â€Å"A Muggle and a fool†¦very like your dear mother. But they both had their uses, did they not? Your mother died to defend you as a child†¦and I killed my father, and see how useful he has proved himself, in death†¦.† Voldemort laughed again. Up and down he paced, looking all around him as he walked, and the snake continued to circle in the grass. â€Å"You see that house upon the hillside, Potter? My father lived there. My mother, a witch who lived here in this village, fell in love with him. But he abandoned her when she told him what she was†¦.He didn't like magic, my father†¦ â€Å"He left her and returned to his Muggle parents before I was even born. Potter, and she died giving birth to me, leaving me to be raised in a Muggle orphanage†¦but I vowed to find him†¦I revenged myself upon him, that fool who gave me his name†¦Tom Riddle†¦.† Still he paced, his red eyes darting from grave to grave. â€Å"Listen to me, reliving family history†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said quietly, â€Å"why, I am growing quite sentimental†¦.But look, Harry! My true family returns†¦.† The air was suddenly full of the swishing of cloaks. Between graves, behind the yew tree, in every shadowy space, wizards were Apparating. All of them were hooded and masked. And one by one they moved forward†¦slowly, cautiously, as though they could hardly believe their eyes Voldemort stood in silence, waiting for them. Then one of the Death Eaters fell to his knees, crawled toward Voldemort and kissed the hem of his black robes. â€Å"Master†¦Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he murmured. The Death Eaters behind him did the same; each of them approaching Voldemort on his knees and kissing his robes, before backing away and standing up, forming a silent circle, which enclosed Tom Riddle's grave, Harry, Voldemort, and the sobbing and twitching heap that was Wormtail. Yet they left gaps in the circle, as though waiting for more people. Voldemort, however, did not seem to expect more. He looked around at the hooded faces, and though there was no wind rustling seemed to run around the circle, as though it had shivered. â€Å"Welcome, Death Eaters,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"Thirteen years†¦thirteen years since last we met. Yet you answer my call as though it were yesterday, we are still united under the Dark Mark, then! Or are we?† He put back his terrible face and sniffed, his slit-like nostrils widening. â€Å"I smell guilt,† he said. â€Å"There is a stench or guilt upon the air. A second shiver ran around the circle, as though each member of it longed, but did not dare to step back from him. â€Å"I see you all, whole and healthy, with your powers intact – such prompt appearances! and I ask myself†¦why did this band of wizards never come to the aid of their master, to whom they swore eternal loyalty?† No one spoke. No one moved except Wormtail, who was upon the ground, still sobbing over his bleeding arm. â€Å"And I answer myself,† whispered Voldemort, â€Å"they must have believed me broken, they thought I was gone. They slipped back among my enemies, and they pleaded innocence, and ignorance, and bewitchment †¦. â€Å"And then I ask myself, but how could they have believed I would not rise again? They, who knew the steps I took, long ago, to guard myself against mortal death? They, who had seen proofs of the immensity of my power in the times when I was mightier than any wizard living? â€Å"And I answer myself, perhaps they believed a still greater power could exist, one that could vanquish even Lord Voldemort†¦perhaps they now pay allegiance to another†¦perhaps that champion of commoners, of Mudbloods and Muggles, Albus Dumbledore?† At the mention of Dumbledore's name, the members of the circle stirred, and some muttered and shook their heads. Voldemort ignored them. â€Å"It is a disappointment to me†¦I confess myself disappointed†¦.† One of the men suddenly flung himself forward, breaking the circle. Trembling from head to foot, he collapsed at Voldemort's feet. â€Å"Master!† he shrieked, â€Å"Master, forgive me! Forgive us all!† Voldemort began to laugh. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† The Death Eater on the ground writhed and shrieked; Harry was sure the sound must carry to the houses around†¦.Let the police come, he thought desperately†¦anyone†¦anything†¦ Voldemort raised his wand. The tortured Death Eater lay flat upon the ground, gasping. â€Å"Get up, Avery,† said Voldemort softly. â€Å"Stand up. You ask for forgiveness? I do not forgive. I do not forget. Thirteen long years†¦I want thirteen years' repayment before I forgive you. Wormtail here has paid some of his debt already, have you not, Wormtail?† He looked down at Wormtail, who continued to sob. â€Å"You returned to me, not out of loyalty, but out of fear of your old friends. You deserve this pain, Wormtail. You know that, don't you?† â€Å"Yes, Master,† moaned Wormtail, â€Å"please. Master†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yet you helped return me to my body,† said Voldemort coolly, watching Wormtail sob on the ground. â€Å"Worthless and traitorous as you are, you helped me†¦and Lord Voldemort rewards his helpers†¦.† Voldemort raised his wand again and whirled it through the air. A streak of what looked like molten silver hung shining in the wand's wake. Momentarily shapeless, it writhed and then formed itself into a gleaming replica of a human hand, bright as moonlight, which soared downward and fixed itself upon Wormtail's bleeding wrist. Wormtail's sobbing stopped abruptly. His breathing harsh and ragged, he raised his head and stared in disbelief at the silver hand, now attached seamlessly to his arm, as though he were wearing a dazzling glove. He flexed the shining fingers, then, trembling, picked up a small twig on the ground and crushed it into powder. â€Å"My Lord,† he whispered. â€Å"Master†¦it is beautiful†¦thank you†¦thank you†¦.† He scrambled forward on his knees and kissed the hem of Voldemort's robes. â€Å"May your loyalty never waver again, Wormtail,† said Voldemort. â€Å"No, my Lord†¦never, my Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Wormtail stood up and took his place in the circle, staring at his powerful new hand, his face still shining with tears. Voldemort now approached the man on Wormtail's right. â€Å"Lucius, my slippery friend,† he whispered, halting before him. â€Å"I am told that you have not renounced the old ways, though to the world you present a respectable face. You are still ready to take the lead in a spot of Muggle-torture, I believe? Yet you never tried to find me, Lucius†¦.Your exploits at the Quidditch World Cup were fun, I daresay†¦but might not your energies have been better directed toward finding and aiding your master?† â€Å"My Lord, I was constantly on the alert,† came Lucius Malfoy's voice swiftly from beneath the hood. â€Å"Had there been any sign from you, any whisper of your whereabouts, I would have been at your side immediately, nothing could have prevented me -â€Å" â€Å"And yet you ran from my Mark, when a faithful Death Eater sent it into the sky last summer?† said Voldemort lazily, and Mr. Malfoy stopped talking abruptly. â€Å"Yes, I know all about that, Lucius†¦.You have disappointed me†¦.I expect more faithful service in the future.† â€Å"Of course, my Lord, of course†¦.You are merciful, thank you†¦.† Voldemort moved on, and stopped, staring at the space – large enough for two people – that separated Malfoy and the next man. â€Å"The Lestranges should stand here,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"But they are entombed in Azkaban. They were faithful. They went to Azkaban rather than renounce me†¦.When Azkaban is broken open, the Lestranges will be honored beyond their dreams. The dementors will join us†¦they are our natural allies†¦we will recall the banished giants†¦I shall have all my devoted servants returned to me, and an army of creatures whom all fear†¦.† He walked on. Some of the Death Eaters he passed in silence, but he paused before others and spoke to them. â€Å"Macnair†¦destroying dangerous beasts for the Ministry of Magic now, Wormtail tells me? You shall have better victims than that soon, Macnair. Lord Voldemort will provide†¦.† â€Å"Thank you, Master†¦thank you,† murmured Macnair. â€Å"And here† – Voldemort moved on to the two largest hooded figures – â€Å"we have Crabbe†¦you will do better this time, will you not, Crabbe? And you, Goyle?† They bowed clumsily, muttering dully. â€Å"Yes, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We will, Master†¦.† â€Å"The same goes for you, Nott,† said Voldemort quietly as he walked past a stooped figure in Mr. Goyles shadow. â€Å"My Lord, I prostrate myself before you, I am your most faithful -â€Å" â€Å"That will do,† said Voldemort. He had reached the largest gap of all, and he stood surveying it with his blank, red eyes, as though he could see people standing there. â€Å"And here we have six missing Death Eaters†¦three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return†¦he will pay. One, who I believe has left me forever†¦he will be killed, of course†¦and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service.† The Death Eaters stirred, and Harry saw their eyes dart sideways at one another through their masks. â€Å"He is at Hogwarts, that faithful servant, and it was through his efforts that our young friend arrived here tonight†¦. â€Å"Yes,† said Voldemort, a grin curling his lipless mouth as the eyes of the circle flashed in Harry's direction. â€Å"Harry Potter has kindly joined us for my rebirthing party. One might go so far as to call him my guest of honor.† There was a silence. Then the Death Eater to the right of Wormtail stepped forward, and Lucius Malfoy's voice spoke from under the mask. â€Å"Master, we crave to know†¦we beg you to tell us†¦how you have achieved this†¦this miracle†¦how you managed to return to us†¦.† â€Å"Ah, what a story it is, Lucius,† said Voldemort. â€Å"And it begins – and ends – with my young friend here.† He walked lazily over to stand next to Harry, so that the eyes of the whole circle were upon the two of them. The snake continued to circle. â€Å"You know, of course, that they have called this boy my downfall?† Voldemort said softly, his red eyes upon Harry, whose scar began to burn so fiercely that he almost screamed in agony. â€Å"You all know that on the night I lost my powers and my body, I tried to kill him. His mother died in the attempt to save him – and unwittingly provided him with a protection I admit I had not foreseen†¦.I could not touch the boy.† Voldemort raised one of his long white fingers and put it very close to Harry's cheek. â€Å"His mother left upon him the traces other sacrifice†¦.This is old magic, I should have remembered it, I was foolish to overlook it†¦but no matter. I can touch him now.† Harry felt the cold tip of the long white finger touch him, and thought his head would burst with the pain. Voldemort laughed softly in his ear, then took the finger away and continued addressing the Death Eaters. â€Å"I miscalculated, my friends, I admit it. My curse was deflected by the woman's foolish sacrifice, and it rebounded upon myself. Aaah†¦pain beyond pain, my friends; nothing could have prepared me for it. I was ripped from my body, I was less than spirit, less than the meanest ghost†¦but still, I was alive. What I was, even I do not know†¦I, who have gone further than anybody along the path that leads to immortality. You know my goal – to conquer death. And now, I was tested, and it appeared that one or more of my experiments had worked†¦for I had not been killed, though the curse should have done it. Nevertheless, I was as powerless as the weakest creature alive, and without the means to help myself†¦for I had no body, and every spell that might have helped me required the use of a wand†¦. â€Å"I remember only forcing myself, sleeplessly, endlessly, second by second, to exist†¦.I settled in a faraway place, in a forest, and I waited†¦.Surely, one of my faithful Death Eaters would try and find me†¦one of them would come and perform the magic I could not, to restore me to a body†¦, but I waited in vain†¦.† The shiver ran once more around the circle of listening Death Eaters. Voldemort let the silence spiral horribly before continuing. â€Å"Only one power remained to me. I could possess the bodies of others. But I dared not go where other humans were plentiful, for I knew that the Aurors were still abroad and searching for me. I sometimes inhabited animals – snakes, of course, being my preference – but I was little better off inside them than as pure spirit, for their bodies were ill adapted to perform magic†¦and my possession of them shortened their lives; none of them lasted long†¦. â€Å"Then†¦four years ago†¦the means for my return seemed assured. A wizard – young, foolish, and gullible – wandered across my path in the forest I had made my home. Oh, he seemed the very chance I had been dreaming of†¦for he was a teacher at Dumbledore's school†¦he was easy to bend to my will†¦he brought me back to this country, and after a while, I took possession of his body, to supervise him closely as he carried out my orders. But my plan failed. I did not manage to steal the Sorcerer's Stone. I was not to be assured immortal life. I was thwarted†¦thwarted, once again, by Harry Potter†¦.† Silence once more; nothing was stirring, not even the leaves on the yew tree. The Death Eaters were quite motionless, the glittering eyes in their masks fixed upon Voldemort, and upon Harry. â€Å"The servant died when I left his body, and I was left as weak as ever I had been,† Voldemort continued. â€Å"I returned to my hiding place far away, and I will not pretend to you that I didn't then fear that I might never regain my powers†¦.Yes, that was perhaps my darkest hour†¦I could not hope that I would be sent another wizard to possess†¦and I had given up hope, now, that any of my Death Eaters cared what had become of me†¦.† One or two of the masked wizards in the circle moved uncomfortably, but Voldemort took no notice. â€Å"And then, not even a year ago, when I had almost abandoned hope, it happened at last†¦a servant returned to me. Wormtail here, who had faked his own death to escape justice, was driven out of hiding by those he had once counted friends, and decided to return to his master. He sought me in the country where it had long been rumored I was hiding†¦helped, of course, by the rats he met along the way. Wormtail has a curious affinity with rats, do you not, Wormtail? His filthy little friends told him there was a place, deep in an Albanian forest, that they avoided, where small animals like themselves had met their deaths by a dark shadow that possessed them†¦. â€Å"But his journey back to me was not smooth, was it, Wormtail? For, hungry one night, on the edge of the very forest where he had hoped to find me, he foolishly stopped at an inn for some food†¦and who should he meet there, but one Bertha Jorkins, a witch from the Ministry of Magic. â€Å"Now see the way that fate favors Lord Voldemort. This might have been the end of Wormtail, and of my last hope for regeneration. But Wormtail – displaying a presence of mind I would never have expected from him – convinced Bertha Jorkins to accompany him on a nighttime stroll. He overpowered her†¦he brought her to me. And Bertha Jorkins, who might have ruined all, proved instead to be a gift beyond my wildest dreams†¦for – with a little persuasion – she became a veritable mine of information. â€Å"She told me that the Triwizard Tournament would be played at Hogwarts this year. She told me that she knew of a faithful Death Eater who would be only too willing to help me, if I could only contact him. She told me many things†¦but the means I used to break the Memory Charm upon her were powerful, and when I had extracted all useful information from her, her mind and body were both damaged beyond repair. She had now served her purpose. I could not possess her. I disposed of her.† Voldemort smiled his terrible smile, his red eyes blank and pitiless. â€Å"Wormtail's body, of course, was ill adapted for possession, as all assumed him dead, and would attract far too much attention if noticed. However, he was the able-bodied servant I needed, and, poor wizard though he is, Wormtail was able to follow the instructions I gave him, which would return me to a rudimentary, weak body of my own, a body I would be able to inhabit while awaiting the essential ingredients for true rebirth†¦a spell or two of my own invention†¦a little help from my dear Nagini,† Voldemort's red eyes fell upon the continually circling snake, â€Å"a potion concocted from unicorn blood, and the snake venom Nagini provided†¦I was soon returned to an almost human form, and strong enough to travel. â€Å"There was no hope of stealing the Sorcerer's Stone anymore, for I knew that Dumbledore would have seen to it that it was destroyed. But I was willing to embrace mortal life again, before chasing immortality. I set my sights lower†¦I would settle for my old body back again, and my old strength. â€Å"I knew that to achieve this – it is an old piece of Dark Magic, the potion that revived me tonight – I would need three powerful ingredients. Well, one of them was already at hand, was it not, Wormtail? Flesh given by a servant†¦. â€Å"My father's bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried. But the blood of a foe†¦Wormtail would have had me use any wizard, would you not, Wormtail? Any wizard who had hated me†¦as so many of them still do. But I knew the one I must use, if I was to rise again, more powerful than I had been when I had fallen. I wanted Harry Potters blood. I wanted the blood of the one who had stripped me of power thirteen years ago†¦for the lingering protection his mother once gave him would then reside in my veins too†¦. â€Å"But how to get at Harry Potter? For he has been better protected than I think even he knows, protected in ways devised by Dumbledore long ago, when it fell to him to arrange the boy's future. Dumbledore invoked an ancient magic, to ensure the boy's protection as long as he is in his relations' care. Not even I can touch him there†¦.Then, of course, there was the Quidditch World Cup†¦.I thought his protection might be weaker there, away from his relations and Dumbledore, but I was not yet strong enough to attempt kidnap in the midst of a horde of Ministry wizards. And then, the boy would return to Hogwarts, where he is under the crooked nose of that Muggle-loving fool from morning until night. So how could I take him? â€Å"Why†¦by using Bertha Jorkins's information, of course. Use my one faithful Death Eater, stationed at Hogwarts, to ensure that the boy's name was entered into the Goblet of Fire. Use my Death Eater to ensure that the boy won the tournament – that he touched the Triwizard Cup first – the cup which my Death Eater had turned into a Portkey, which would bring him here, beyond the reach of Dumbledore's help and protection, and into my waiting arms. And here he is†¦the boy you all believed had been my downfall†¦.† Voldemort moved slowly forward and turned to face Harry. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† It was pain beyond anything Harry had ever experienced; his very bones were on fire; his head was surely splitting along his scar; his eyes were rolling madly in his head; he wanted it to end†¦to black out†¦to die†¦ And then it was gone. He was hanging limply in the ropes binding him to the headstone of Voldemort's father, looking up into those bright red eyes through a kind of mist. The night was ringing with the sound of the Death Eaters' laughter. â€Å"You see, I think, how foolish it was to suppose that this boy could ever have been stronger than me,† said Voldemort. â€Å"But I want there to be no mistake in anybody's mind. Harry Potter escaped me by a lucky chance. And I am now going to prove my power by killing him, here and now, in front of you all, when there is no Dumbledore to help him, and no mother to die for him. I will give him his chance. He will be allowed to fight, and you will be left in no doubt which of us is the stronger. Just a little longer, Nagini,† he whispered, and the snake glided away through the grass to where the Death Eaters stood watching. â€Å"Now untie him, Wormtail, and give him back his wand.†

Future career Essay

Every person thinks a lot about his future and admits that hard work lies ahead. â€Å"Mother to Son†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Young people claim that they are willing to make the sacrifices needed to reach their goals. â€Å"If you don’t think about your future, you cannot have one.†Ã¢â‚¬ Hold fast to dreams†So it is vital to hitch your wagon to a star. In order to reach our goals, we should be persistent, optimistic, hard working, imaginative, creative†¦ and so on, but practical and down to Earth. So, most young people place a high priority on education. If you think about your future career it is worth mentioning the fact, that the future expectations of every man are connected with acquiring (getting) quality education which in its turn includes many aspects, such as: self creation, developing your abilities and character, keeping fit, social adaptability, creative potentials and intellect. The most important thing that young people want from life is career success followed by happiness, marriage and family and they are also concerned with global issues, such as ecological problems, social problems, wars, terrorism. Future is purchased by the present so while a teenager it is important to become a true personality. â€Å"If you can feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Every man is a maker of his own fortune and character. -to achieve aims;-to overcome future obstacles, troubles;-to fulfill dreams. â€Å"As long as I have a wish I have a reason for living, satisfaction is death!†The future comes one day at a time. A well educated highly intellectual person is one of the treasures of any society. So it is not only your wish but your duty to have a good quality education. But to get it one should remember ‘that there is no royal road to  learning† and † the rules of education are bitter but the fruit is sweet†. So it is important to have an active mind to get a balanced view of the world and to develop your mental abilities to the highest degree. It is vital to find your own place in the community to get along with people, to grasp the importance of any work for the benefit of the whole society, to find place between personal and society needs. But you are to remember that future is made of the same stuff as the present. Every day is your life, it isn’t a rehearsal, it is life. Never let the future disturb you, you will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason, which today arms you against the present. Very many of us live life of the never never. Telling ourselves that just as soon as we have get passed this or that stage period in life we would be able to devote all our energies to what we really want to do. But in this case tomorrow will never come. You should remember that â€Å"future is not a gift, it is an achievement†. And you are to appreciate this very day to start its creation new, without delay and don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today. If you don’t think about the future you cannot have one. But if you do all you can in order your dreams and aspirations will come true, you will pursue an advanced level ofeducation, carry out successful career for yourself, marry and raise children and will certainly make contributions within the fear of your own family, work and community. So one of the most important and difficult problems, a young person faces is choosing an occupation, deciding what to do about a career and future. Career is not only a job or profession for which one is trained and intends to follow all his life, career is also the general course of one’s working life, the way he wants to live. Choosing an occupation takes time and it is the most complicated problem to find a right way in life. â€Å"The road not taken†¦Ã¢â‚¬ But few things are impossible to diligence and skill and though life â€Å"is no crystal stair†, young people have an advantage to choose their future way of life while at school. It gives them a goal to work towards and enables them to choose a right suitable course of study. While at school a person may find out that he will need to get some actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify to the particular job. Fortunately there are a lot of people, young persons can turn for advice and help in making their decision while at school. Schools have changed a lot in recent years and they try not only to give pupils better education, but to encourage them to choose a future profession by specializing in particular subjects: languages, economy, business, technology or even religion. Pupils may choose between state and private schools. There are teachers who are professionally qualified to consult pupils, to help them in acquiring the skills and knowledge which will enable them to understand the structure of opportunities they face, to realize their strengths and to encourage them to make a right decision. But even if a person gets other people involved in helping him make a decision self-education is an important part of the decision making process, because â€Å"every man is a maker of his own fortune†. â€Å"God gives the nuts but he doesn’t crack them†Ã¢â‚¬ Miracles sometimes occur, but one is to work terribly hard for them†So being at school you are to put your heart in acquiring sound knowledge for your future. So choosing a career and getting a job are two of the most important things any person does in lifetime.

Free Essays on Vampires And Vampirism - Myth Explained

Vampires – Explanation of the Myth The World Book encyclopedia defines a vampire as "a corpse that supposedly returns to life at night to suck people's blood". The powers associated to vampires include turning into mist and shape- shifting, invisibility, mesmerism, superhuman strength, immortality and, of course, a murderous blood thirst. Many questions have been asked about the origin and the definition of the vampire. Doctors and scientists have even discussed actual medical conditions that may have lead to the belief in vampires. Among all the creatures and monsters in literature and folklore, the vampire seems to be the most mysterious. It has evolved in folklore during its journey through time. During the 20th century people have become fascinated with the idea of vampires. Throughout history the legend of the vampire has been used to "explain" other natural phenomena that primitive people who lacked scientific knowledge could not otherwise explain. Possibly the most astonishing belief which people associated vampires with was the Black Death during the Middle Ages in Europe. The Black Death was actually Bubonic plague spread by fleas and rats. The plague may have killed as much as a third of the population of Europe in the 1300s. Some people of the day, however, associated the multitude of deaths with vampires. Somehow they believed that the deaths were the workings of these monsters. Corpses were sometimes buried facedown. If the corpse became a vampire it would actually dig deeper into the ground in an attempt to escape the grave, if it was facing the wrong direction or so it was thought. Wooden stakes were sometimes planted in the ground above the grave, so if the body raised it would stab itself on the stake hopefully through the heart. The natural process of bodily decomposition after death sometimes convinced people that corpses were actually transforming into vampires: the hair and nails co... Free Essays on Vampires And Vampirism - Myth Explained Free Essays on Vampires And Vampirism - Myth Explained Vampires – Explanation of the Myth The World Book encyclopedia defines a vampire as "a corpse that supposedly returns to life at night to suck people's blood". The powers associated to vampires include turning into mist and shape- shifting, invisibility, mesmerism, superhuman strength, immortality and, of course, a murderous blood thirst. Many questions have been asked about the origin and the definition of the vampire. Doctors and scientists have even discussed actual medical conditions that may have lead to the belief in vampires. Among all the creatures and monsters in literature and folklore, the vampire seems to be the most mysterious. It has evolved in folklore during its journey through time. During the 20th century people have become fascinated with the idea of vampires. Throughout history the legend of the vampire has been used to "explain" other natural phenomena that primitive people who lacked scientific knowledge could not otherwise explain. Possibly the most astonishing belief which people associated vampires with was the Black Death during the Middle Ages in Europe. The Black Death was actually Bubonic plague spread by fleas and rats. The plague may have killed as much as a third of the population of Europe in the 1300s. Some people of the day, however, associated the multitude of deaths with vampires. Somehow they believed that the deaths were the workings of these monsters. Corpses were sometimes buried facedown. If the corpse became a vampire it would actually dig deeper into the ground in an attempt to escape the grave, if it was facing the wrong direction or so it was thought. Wooden stakes were sometimes planted in the ground above the grave, so if the body raised it would stab itself on the stake hopefully through the heart. The natural process of bodily decomposition after death sometimes convinced people that corpses were actually transforming into vampires: the hair and nails co...

Quotes From To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf

Quotes From 'To the Lighthouse' by Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse is one of the most well-known works by Virginia Woolf. Published in 1927, this book is full of quotable lines. Part 1 Chapter VI Who shall blame him? Who will not secretly rejoice when the hero puts his armor off, and halts by the window and gazes at his wife and son, who, very distant at first, gradually come closer and closer, till lips and book and head are clearly before him, though still lovely and unfamiliar from the intensity of his isolation and the waste of ages and the perishing of the stars, and finally putting his pipe in his pocket and bending his magnificent head before her - who will blame him if he does homage to the beauty of the world? Chapter IX Could loving, as people called it, make her and Mrs. Ramsay one? for it was not knowledge but unity that she desired, not inscriptions on tablets, nothing that could be written in any language known to men, but intimacy itself, which is knowledge, she had thought, leaning her head on Mrs. Ramsays knee. Chapter X A light here required a shadow there. There were the eternal problems: suffering; death; the poor. There was always a woman dying of cancer even here. And yet she had said to all these children, You shall go through with it. Chapter XVII It partook...of eternity...there is a coherence in things, a stability; something, she meant, is immune from change, and shines out (she glanced at the window with its ripple of reflected lights) in the face of the flowing, the fleeting, the spectral, like a ruby; so that again tonight she had the feeling she had had once today, already, of peace, of rest. Of such moments, she thought, the thing is made that endures. Chapter XVII She had done the usual trick - been nice. She would never know him. He would never know her. Human relations were all like that, she thought, and the worst (if it had not been for Mr. Bankes) were between men and women. Inevitably these were extremely insincere. Part 2 Chapter III For our penitence deserves a glimpse only; our toil respite only. Chapter XIV She could not say it...as she looked at him she began to smile, for though she had not said a word, he knew, of course, he knew, that she loved him. He could not deny it. And smiling she looked out of the window and said (thinking to herself, Nothing on earth can equal this happiness) - Yes, you were right. Its going to be wet tomorrow. You wont be able to go. And she looked at him smiling. For she had triumphed again. She had not said it: yet he knew. Chapter VIII The Lighthouse was then a silvery, misty-looking tower with a yellow eye, that opened suddenly, and softly in the evening. Now - James looked at the Lighthouse. He could see the white-washed rocks; the tower, stark and straight; he could see that it was barred with black and white; he could see windows in it; he could even see washing spread on the rocks to dry. So that was the Lighthouse, was it? No, the other was also the Lighthouse. For nothing was simply one thing. The other Lighthouse was true too. Part 3 Chapter III What is the meaning of life? That was all - a simple question; one that tended to close in on one with years. The great revelation had never come. The great revelation perhaps never did come. Instead, there were little daily miracles, illuminations, matches struck unexpectedly in the dark; here was one. Chapter V Mrs. Ramsay sat silent. She was glad, Lily thought, to rest in silence, uncommunicative; to rest in the extreme obscurity of human relationships. Who knows what we are, what we feel? Who knows even at the moment of intimacy, This is knowledge? Arent things spoilt then, Mrs. Ramsay may have asked (it seemed to have happened so often, this silence by her side) by saying them? But one only woke people if one knew what one wanted to say to them. And she wanted to say not one thing, but everything. Little words that broke up the thought and dismembered it said nothing. About life, about death; about Mrs. Ramsay - no, she thought, one could say nothing to nobody. Chapter IX She alone spoke the truth; to her alone could he speak it. That was the source of her everlasting attraction for him, perhaps; she was a person to whom one could say what came into ones head.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Sociology - Essay Example He has been working as an architect with a large construction firm for 10 years now. Just after finishing his degree in architecture, he worked with a series of construction companies and only settled with his current employment about 10 years ago. Finally, the youngest sibling is the lawyer Diane. She is 38 years old, married with one child. She has been working as an associate with a law firm for 10 years. She handles mostly criminal defense cases. She has not worked in any other firm since she finished law school. This paper shall revolve around these three respondents who have worked in formal organizations over an extended period of time. It shall discuss the nature of their work and their work dynamic with their co-workers and in the organization itself. It shall also discuss the similarities and differences in the experiences of these three respondents. This report is being conducted in the hope of improving the interview and analytical skills of this student by relating data gathered with class materials After finishing her Bachelor’s degree in Nursing, Karen worked for 3 years as a staff nurse in the surgery ward of a community hospital. After gaining enough experience as a nurse, she applied as an ER nurse in a private tertiary hospital. She worked for 3 years there until an opening in the ICU gave her an opportunity to improve her nursing skills. She has been working as a surgical ICU nurse and has been in that job for 15 years now. She worked as an SICU nurse for 8 years until she was promoted as head nurse. She was a head nurse for 3 years until she was promoted as a nurse supervisor. She has been a nurse supervisor for 4 years running. Karen did not change her career because she has long wanted to be a nurse since she was young. More specifically, she wanted to be an ICU nurse. When she was in her 3rd year in college she worked part time as a caregiver for elderly patients. She worked during her free hours for 4

Set of Economics Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Set of Economics Problems - Essay Example This phenomenon is explained with the help of a model. First of all Assume an economy composed of n citizens, with one of them serving the role of a self interested public official. This official is considering whether to implement a project. Here we take a situation where there is only one citizen i who derives positive utility from the project Ui > 0. All other citizens in the economy including the public official derive utility U-i ≠¤ 0. The public official may corrupt citizen i by proposing a bribe, which the citizen may accept or reject. For each unit of bribe b, we also assume citizen i suffers a cost (1+ÃŽ ¬), with ÃŽ ¬ ≠¥ 0. We assume Ui à · 1+ ÃŽ ¬ > U-i and complete information. Sub-game Nash Equilibrium is used in dynamic games. More informally, we can say that it means if the players used to play any smaller game that consisted of one part of the larger game then their behavior symbolizes Nash equilibrium of the smaller game. In any finite game like one mentioned above, we implement a common method of backward induction in which one considers the last actions and outcomes of the game first and determines which actions would be required to maximize utility in possible circumstances. For example the public official is proposing bribe and corrupt the citizen i keeping in mind his own benefits. However, the citizen may accept or reject the bribe. In case if the citizen accepts the bribe then it will include in corruption on the part of the public official as well as the citizen to maximize their own benefits. Furthermore, this corruption results in social inefficiency and harming the overall economic growth of the country. Now, suppose the project is a driving license for citizen i and citizen i is a dangerous driver. In such a case there would be negative externalities of the project for all other citizens. However, these negative externalities are small.

Rising of Oil Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rising of Oil Prices - Essay Example On the one hand, the western world led by the United States as the world’s largest consumer of energy, has been practicing geo-political policies that would ensure control and supply of this vital natural resource; on the other, the realization of the value of this near monopoly resource by the world’s leading oil producers has upset the supply, demand and price equation in a most significant manner. This conflict of interest has resulted in what we are witnessing today: cartelization of the oil industry, soaring oil prices, weakening the dollar, rising inflation and worst of all, war/threat of further wars in West Asia - the major oil-producing region of the world. At USD 110 per barrel, there are ominous signs of not just in the US but a serious worldwide economic downturn.  In the West Asian region, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and the Gulf countries are among the world’s largest oil producers. The US, UK, and other European oil corporations were controlling th e oil exploration and refining industry here and setting the price of this vital commodity. The growing economies of the western countries and Japan needed ever-increasing volumes of the oil products, which had to be imported mainly from the Gulf region. The Arab-Israel conflict and the formation of the oil cartel – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), led to the first oil price shock. In the words of Meyer et al., â€Å"†¦possession of a monopoly resource by OPEC countries †¦a rising tide of nationalist self-awareness, old resentment at exploitation †¦would force renegotiation of the terms on which petroleum was to be made available†¦ The  outbreak of the Yom Kippur war in 1973 and the subsequent oil embargo led to a quadrupling of the oil prices† (Meyer et al., p.6). The days of cheap oil were over once and for all, although the later fluctuations in the prices were generally in tune with the increased availability of non-OPEC s upplies, the occasional breakdown of cartel arrangement, supply/demand situation etc. For example during 1982 – ’83, oil prices fell by 15% (Meyer et al., p.95) due to a decrease in US demand. Disruption of supplies due to the recent militant events in Nigeria, Africa’s largest oil producer, has also impacted oil prices (Shanmugam & Singh). Similarly, Russia’s stranglehold on supplies of oil and gas to east European nations dictates the energy prices.

Introduction To The Kingdom Of Spain Politics Essay

Introduction To The Kingdom Of Spain Politics Essay Spain officially known as The Kingdom of Spain, it is an independent government and affiliate of European Union. Spain is situated in the south west of Europe on the Peninsula Iberian. Madrid, the capital, is the largest city of Spain with over three million people of the population. The official language is Spanish known as Castellan, but there are recognized regional languages as Catalan-Valencian, Basque, Galician and Occitan that belongs to autonomous comminutes. Their government is Unitary Regional State Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy, which as of today we find names like The King Juan Carlos I de Borbon, and the Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy. If we look back to the governance of 1978, the Spanish Constitution was the termination of the Spanish transition to democracy, moved by the democratic political reform in 1976 and 1977, the new Spains King Juan Carlos, well known and remembered for his conduct and temperament named a new prime minister and dismissed the one that was there. The new election organized the purpose of drafting and approving a new constitution in 1978. Education is free for Spain from the age of six to sixteen, and the religion is the Roman Catholicism which is considered the principal religion of Spain. Spain is also very well known for their architecture, music and dance, not even considering their cuisine and valuable representatives idols in different sports. The politics of Spain is basically established by the constitution of 1978, which says Spain as an autonomous government, where the people have to elect the Prime Minister for the power of the country. The political form of the Government of Spain is parliamentary monarchy, according to the Spanish Constitution, Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (1978), is a social representative, democratic, constitutional monarchy in which the Monarch is the head of state and the Prime Minister, whose official title is President of the Government, is the head of government.(Article 98). The political system as parliamentary monarchy means a form of an existing government in the current western democracies, especially in Europe, in which the king execute the function of the head of a state under the control of the legislative power (Parliament which are elected members of the state for some period) and of the executive power (Government). The norms and decisions established of the Parliament control not only the procedure or operation of the state, but also the action and functions of their own king. It divides in three different powers of government: Legislative power devises and modifies the existing laws according to the opinion of the citizens. Another function is the approval of the laws and usually, it is on charge of the congress or a parliament, which are composed by representatives elected by the town that has been attributed the main assignment to express the determination or will of them. Executive power dependable in causing to comply the laws and that is used to exercising the government or the own leader of the State. It is responsible for the daily management of the State. The executive power consider and executes general politics according to which the laws have to be applied, represents to the Nation in its diplomatic relations, maintains close the Armed Forces and from time to time advises to the legislation. The President is the visible image and figure and the most important power. Spanish Constitution, Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (1978) The judiciary power is independent of the executive and the legislature, administering justice on behalf of the King by several judges and magistrates. It is the responsible for administering the justice in the company or state, by means of the application of the legal norms (Article 99) Political Ideology Like any other country which has their own government we will find political ideologies. According to Roskin et al.(2009) states that ideologies are often based on theories but simplified and popularized to sell to mass audiences, build political movements, and win elections. Ideologies might be called cheap theories (p.39). Spain has several multi-party systems at both regional and the national level. Nationally it covers only two that are the most popular political dominant parties, which are PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol) that is the left-leaning, and the right-wing PP (Partido Popular). On these days the political dominant party is the one that governs in the present. The regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities like Catalonia and the Basque Country due to several conflicts between these two that have been creating national government coalitions. The ideology of PSOE is social democracy and social democracy is a political ideology that considers itself to be a form of reformist democratic socialism. Social democracy rejects the either or polarization interpretation of capitalism versus socialism (Busky, 2008, p. 8; Harrington, 1989, p. 93). This means their belief it consist to be a force social democracy that supports the economy and gives benefits to the population, like unemployment, food stamps, low cost insurance and in some cases totally free. Figure .Political Parties in CongressAccording to researcher Steger (1997), Social democracy in its current form was originally developed by revisionist Marxist Eduard Bernstein who opposed orthodox Marxisms support of revolution and class conflict, claiming that socialism could be achieved through evolutionary means via representative democracy and cooperation between people regardless of class (p. 146). This means this party also means that they can improve the social conditions of the populations by reducing the benefits of the business, making the working class get all credit than the business. The ideology of PP (Partido Popular) is the conservative political party in Spain (Nordsieck, 2011, Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe). This party was a refoundation in 1989 of the Peoples Alliance (Alianza Popular) and it was combined with small Christian democratic and liberal parties. The PP was until November 2011 the largest opposition party in the Congress of Deputies, with one hundred fifty three out of three hundred and fifty deputies, and the largest party represented in the Senate, with one hundred and one out of two hundred and eight senators. Their ideology is central and right, which means that they need to promote the total liberty for business and the state, cannot be involved in the economy. Electoral System Spain uses a majority system (more than half), which in article 68 from the Constitution in the electoral law of 1977 (restructured in 1985) is based on the proportional representation system, that according to Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, and Jones, (2009) states that proportional representation system elects representative by partys percent of vote, which means each district sends several representatives to parliament, not just one (pag. 70). The minimum of deputies must be three hundred and the maximum four hundred members of the parliament that are elected by free, direct, equal, and secret vote for a four year period, it must obtain a minimum of three percent of the vote in order to qualify for parliamentary representation. The voting system used is that of proportional representation with closed party lists, that mean voters can only vote for political parties as an entire party and they have to decide who ever gets the highest positions is tend to get a sit in the parliament. Following DHondt method a mathematical formula which slightly over represents the larger parties at the expense of the smaller ones (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, and Jones, 2009, p. 71) in every providence of Spain the electoral vote or suffrage must be assigned by a minimum of two deputies per providence, this includes the autonomous cities (out of Iberian Peninsula) of Ceuta and Melilla, each of these two has to assigned only one deputy. Legislation can be opened by the Congress of Deputies and they are assigned to approve or refuse the laws adopted by the executive government. They also have the power to elect, the prime minister or the President of the Government. The prime minister can be removed from his duties due to a vote of confidence from the elected parliament, and then it needs to be substituted. Election system also helps to major political parties because not only provinces wit small populations are over-represented. Spain has two party systems that smaller and regional parties posses small representation, due to difference in population between providences, when the provinces are totally represented, the deputies is small comparing to one or two major parties, even if other smaller parties managed to obtain more than three percent of the votes. The three percent to get in the Congress is unsuccessful in many provinces, where the number of seats per constituency has a lower average that the actual deputies to be inside the Congress is effectively higher, for example, the actual number for the provinces having three seats is twenty five percent, much higher than three percent, however, in provinces such as Barcelona and Madrid, while the number of seats is much higher, the three percent to get it the Congress is still helpful to get rid of the smallest parties. Government intervention in the Economy After Dictator Francos death, Spain passed a change to democracy in the middle of 1970s, even though a quickly procedure of modernization happened, the Spanish welfare state was seen until now, that has been relative turned out week. There is a list of the main problems this consequences has left is that the attention has turned to be a governance issue, the interplay among levels of government, the welfare mix and public support for social policies. Another issue tell about the five most important challenges the Spanish faces with welfare state in the present century is the purpose to have a better life, to achieve a better work family balance, to organize migratory policies with existing social defense, to attempt the resolution of high rates of poverty, and to face intense population growing, both in terms of increasing needs for care and the modification of the pension system. Social welfare benefits little by little have grown. Spain gives generous retirement remuneration and st rong unemployment benefits; as per now it offers no welfare benefits. Political Culture The political culture is about the perception and the interpretation of the norms and values that each society implements to the people. The political system plays a role really important because of the ideas might be implementing how to work with the government and what they can do. The political culture is the symbols, values, and beliefs about the political system which is determinate by the history, economy, religion, and folkways. (Roskin et al., 2009, p. 119) It is related to the memory of what the nation have done previously, like in the last decades Spanish society and politics contributed the incapacity to maintain a firm and secure government very independent prior 1970. People believe and think the transformation of the democracy was possible by the socioeconomic modernization, the decisions, and the cultural change from political elites of democratic institutions and the conduct from some parties involved in the benefits to Spain. Unfortunately Spain does not have a good background in history, an excellent example which can be seen today with the autonomous communities, such as Catalonia and Basque country, that both are looking for independence, being away from Spain, creating regionalism and issues between all communities. Many questions fly around about the way of how the government and the politician need to act different or at least try to be similar and competitive with the neighbors governments. Perhaps the introduction of Spain to be inside the Europe Union have created in the meanwhile, that the present crisis should bring some common sense agreement to have a better workability in the political culture of Spain. Public Opinion The Spanish society is having many difficult times due to the current crisis; there is dissatisfaction with the social management carried out by the government. The rate of unemployment is one of the main reasons resulting in various popular events such as the irritated people and this is added to the labor reform that get problems to the labor rights of the Spanish workers. Another reason is cutting the health and education sectors and the raise taxes to reduce the Spanish deficit. The twenty seven thousand three hundred million of Euros in reduction in public spending joined a week later, a cut of ten thousand million in health and education. The eighty three percent of the budget reduction corresponds to the direct public spending, most in sensitive areas of social policy. These cuts will be punished more severely to the low-income women, young people, and the immigrant population. The difference between the efforts to increase the collection and the measures of mark get a tendency as regards social rights. According to the latest survey from Gaby Orà © Aguilar (2012) states that the living conditions of the year 2011, in Spain, twenty two percent of households live below the poverty line. The poverty rate rose by more than two percentage points between 2009 to 2011 (p.4). At the end of last year, five hundred thousand homes in Spain received no income for job, or unemployment benefits or social security; which means they were in extreme poverty. Religion in Spain The largest religion is known as Roman Catholicism which is led by the Pope. According to a study by the Sociological Research Spanish Center (2011) testify that about seventy percent of Spanish self-identify as Catholics, three percent as other faith, and about twenty five percent identify with no religion (p.13). Most Spanish, especially the younger generations try to avoid the religion differences compared to sexuality, morals, and politics. Spanish also consider the religion as part of the three most important values. Spain has also gone thru with the legalization of the gay marriage, actually there is a seventy percent of Spanish that support their marriage. (Study by the Centre of Sociological Research, 2004). This case was along from a split vote from the conservative liberal lines with the Spanish Socialist Workers Party and the other left party supporting while Peoples Party is against it. Spain also during the immigration process and the introduce of new cultures in the population, especially during and after the 1990s, have them led to an increment number of Muslims (God as related to prophet Muhammad) and have about one million of members. Along with the introduction of new religion as part of the immigration, people from Latin America which are known as strong Catholic practitioners have helped the Catholic Church to maintain part of the assistance for those who go to church on Sundays. In the last decade, political issues and the enrollment of the Catholic Church has increased again, especially for groups such as Opus Dei, Legion of Christ (Catholic Church Institution) with the participation of important politicians in the right-wing such as Popular Party. Opus Dei is an organization that their mission is to get closer to God, to serve the most needed it and to improve society. In more recent times, some members of the Opus Dei were chosen ministers by the then leader of that party, in any case, since the institutional point of view, the Opus Dei does not have an official political position, there is few worries that many of their members are politically conservatories just like the common of the Spanish Catholics. The members of the Opus Dei remind that the institution has a spiritual principle and that each member takes their professional responsibilities in the politics or the business without doing participants of them to the others member and even less to the institution. They said that the Opus Dei could have the political position they wanted, as long as they did not go in disagreement with the catholic principle. The church is not the independent and neutral institution in political affairs, and everything is related with the opinion of the Popular Party which it gain consequences that the new disapproval from important sections on the population, especially the biggest part of the left party that has the opposition against the church and the way in which it is economically sustained. Political Communication The mass media have always shown opinion in the civilization in politics. Political communication is the opening of how a government can be criticizes by public opinion like radio, newspaper, news channels, not even nationality, worldwide too. In these days, the audiovisual media market has positioned traditional print media, which means the press uses pictures and color to write or edit the news into television or journals. After Spain became democracy, the mass media practiced an increase to inform the civilization especially by newspapers. In these days most popular medias have gone online. The historic and significant newspapers in the past, such as La Vanguardia, ABC, El pais, and El mundo were part of the important media companies. According to Holtby (1990), he stated the reputation and expansion of these journalists were written by some of the most well-known writers of the Spanish language, from Spain and Latin America such as Miguel Delibes, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Jose Camilo Cela, and Carlos Fuentes (p.336-338). Radio had a big impact on the Spanish communication. Taking into consideration to the Civil War, the radio was the principal tool of government propaganda, after that war the Francos forces detained republican distribution stations. During Francos period, coverage for all news national and international was official managed by Radio Nacional de Espana. The difference from the print media, radio did not apply a practice of liberalization, and after some restrictions it was finally eased. According to Gunter, Richard and Jose Ramon Montero (1999) the most important radio networks in Spain are RNE, Sociedad Espanola de Radio Difusion (SER), Cadena de Ondas Populares (COPE) and Onda Cero with a highest audience (P.176). In the same way as the other print media and televisions, radio has established a very important role in the culture and the identity of the autonomous communities like Basque Radio, Galician Radio, and Catalonia Country. It is estimated that over ninety percent of the population watches television. In terms of audience size, TVE1 and Antena 3 have the greatest numbers of viewers. Spanish television has developed from a state owned institution, which it represents the views of the government and was seriously covered up to one that tends the views of particular regions, a more European viewpoint, and the demands of the public in general. Most of the Spanish people receive the news from television and not from the print media. Online newspapers in Spain are a new experience, and they report for 17 percent of the distribution of web traffic. It started with the new technology that media in Spain has been implementing during this years as online publications. Most of newspapers started implementing their information online since 1994. Interest Groups It is related to the influence of groups against the government that might be permanent or momentary. The term of interest group covers just about any collection of people trying to influence the government, some interest groups work through the executive or administrative agencies, others through the judicial or legislative sectors (Roskin et al., 2009, p. 177). Some of them are concentrated to influence the political parties and the other on just particular changes such the private interest. In Spain most of these groups work together to persuade the government and become powerful. Sometimes interest groups participate in government; Catholic Church has participated in the Spanish Constitution which advice the liberty or freedom as well as the Church and State keeps away from each other, but also indicates that the public powers will keep in mind the religious beliefs and they will maintain the consequent relations of cooperation with the Catholic Church. (Article 16 of Spanish Constitution, 1978). The Catholic Church is excused to pay income taxes like the nonprofit companies and they were not able to pay taxes on some religious cultures or objects. Same thing happens for the conservation of the building that are considered cultural patrimony, which it is financed by the State and foe other public funds too. It is mandatory that primary and secondary schools offer in their academic program the class of religion, even though the students can choose to study a different alternative class. Chambers of commerce is a form of business network that their activity is to get together group of business people to recognize, create, or to prepare business opportunities. They are also considered as a interest groups due to their activity could create a public model to the sectors of the government because it is common in the European Union countries such as Germany, Italy, France, and also in Japan. The principal assignment of the chambers is trade promotion, vocational training, regional economic development, and general services to their members. It shows the possibility of a business individual to make innovative business associations and produce business opportunities at the same time. In Spain, the government could give the chance to some chambers to take responsibilities of public administrations in many fields, they also have a consultative or counseling occupation; this mean any chamber selected can ask for consulting ideas whenever a new law is related to the industry o r commerce. (Markus Pilgrim, Ralf Meier, 2011). ETA, a short form  for  Euskadi Ta Askatasuna,  which means Basque Homeland and Freedom is an armed organizations that looks Euskadis independency. The general idea they have with the government is that they achieve attacks like murders, abductions, car bombs, and more to all politicians or public images in the media. Once they create a terrorist environment it starts a high to the fire which means they need to stop using the violence and it will create a negotiation between them and the Spanish government to accomplish their objectives. Elections The electoral elections are carry out every 4 years, but sometimes it could be an agreement that some elections would be anticipated, this mean when the 4 year period it is not finalized. The requirement to vote is to have the Spanish nationality and to be legal age that is more than eighteen years old. The citizens must register in the electoral census to justify the people who vote is legally to do it. Votes are not mandatory for everybody, if you need to suffrage will be voluntary option. Electoral System TOTAL Distribution by sex and age Mujeres Varones Total 18,425,558 17,353,650 18 y 19 415507 438199 20 a 24 1081611 1138787 25 a 29 1246020 1300810 30 a 34 1585694 1641364 35 a 39 1751932 1797645 40 a 44 1712713 1738868 45 a 49 1686745 1687206 50 a 54 1553738 1532467 55 a 59 1335212 1299323 60 a 64 1246803 1181847 65 a 69 1140308 1035747 70 a 74 940110 794987 75 a 79 1035415 792292 80 a 84 843411 558985 85 y mà ¡s 850339 415123 Figure 2. Electoral System (Statistic National Institute) In the last elections, citizens have voted the sixty nine percent of total population, which means it has descended a seven percent with respect to the past general elections. From the total of twenty four million six hundred sixty six thousand and thirty ninety two votes, it has been that make it count. Political Party System Political parties connect the people thru the government. In these days Spain has several multi-party systems at both regional and the national level. Nationally it covers only two that are the most popular political dominant parties, which are Spanish Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol) is the left-leaning, and Popular Party which leads the right-wing that describes as conservative on social questions and free market. The Popular Party is the current dominant party that represents Spain. The Spanish Socialist Party was created for the intention to represent and to protect the benefits and interests of the hard-working class of the industrial revolution in the nineteen century in the beginning of the democracy. In the other hand the Popular Party is the conservative political party of Spain founded in 1989, it is known as central reformist, they need to promote the total liberty for business and the state, cannot be involved in the economy. The Popular Party, recent winner of the past elections in November 2011, has plain majority in the Congress of the Representatives and Senate and governs in eleven autonomous regions (Paddy Woodworth, 2011). As all political parties it uses a imputing devices that allows citizens to get their needs by the government. If society votes it gives the chance to participate in political decisions. Popular Party and Spanish Socialist Party signed in 2000 the called agreement by the liberties against the terrorism, which voided the relationships related to the terrorism of the political debate among both parties by interest aggregation. Spain currently is a country decentralized that has recognized the territorial order of the power around the state has been called autonomous; this means the government offer total liberty to the autonomous communities to government by their own. After Francos death and with the intervention of the King Juan Carlos I in the beginning of the Headquarters, a new political period was opened that was consolidated with the victory of the Law for the Political Reform. During the campaign all parties coordinated the elaboration of the new constitution and the establishment for the autonomy for each region. The coherence of all parties involved in the democracies will execute as they agreed, if they become elected. The Popular Party is financially support by three different aspects; first they get money from subsidies institutions for political parties, quotes and anonymous donations of participants or followers supporters, and bank credits. According to the report of the Court of Accounts of the 2003, the Popular Party had a debt of 8 million euros, being the political party with group in the Congress in owing less money (Pedro Ramirez, 2007). Now most the money they received are constituted in donations from anonymous contributions. Spains Party System is majority (more than half), which in article 68 from the Constitution in the electoral law of 1977 is based on the proportional representation system, which means each district sends several representatives to parliament, not just one. Government and the Economy In other terms each country has relationships between the government and the economy, in this particularly case political economy study the distribution to sell and buy goods, the production that declares thru customs of what is coming in and out. To see how the production of Spain is we must identify their GDP which is a equivalent of the production of goods and services in a country over a year. Below I will show you the record of Spains GDP over last twelve years: Years 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 GDP 5.0 3.7 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.1 3.5 0.9 -3.7 -0.1 0.7 -1.0* Figure 3. Real GDP growth rate volume We can see how the GDP was maintained firm from the two thousand to the two thousand and seven, with the higher point in two thousand year with almost five percent. After that GDP falls to one percent of the total value produced in two thousand eight to two thousand nine passing from one percent to three percent negative due to the crisis and that it is called recession. The following years it still being negative with a little improvement in two thousand and eleven but went down this year as today. As we saw in two thousand and eleven the development of GDP was superior, this happened due to the value of that year has been so low because the families consume less as a result of the few incomes that they have, in addition businesses invest little regarding the low financial procedure. As of today the internal demand do not let them increase as some families do not spend or buy goods, this lead the business are not producing as before for the recent crisis Spain has been going thru, and it is hard to obtain a loan to be able to carry the production. Banks are not giving credit loans and the labor class has been inactive as construction stop while ago when it was the well maintain before. Inflation is the increment on prices of goods and services with related to the money maintained in a specific time period. Figure 3. Real GDP growth rate volume Principally inflation happens because there has been little incomes, and the tax has been lower without excluding the expenses up to now that there are many ways to help to keep the situation stable by the crisis. A good example is government rise the taxes to collect more money, increasing taxes on tobacco and alcohol. Political Violence Political violence means groups of people trying to intimidate the government to achieve political goals. These groups of violence people will try to get the government attention if they will not respond to their political demands. Violence could be considered as violation of human rights, war, police brutality, kidnapping, torture, terrorism, revolution, dictatorship, etc. Spain has many horror stories in their history; the most catastrophic attacked was in Madrid in two thousand and four. They were victims of terrorist attached produced by Al-qaeda with the explosion of bombs inside the trains. One hundred ninety one people passed away and one thousand eight hundred fifty eight got injured. At the beginning of the seventys, Spain had a modern economy but a political system based on the dictatorship which was not democracy as well all the European countries. Franco named General Carrero Blanco to stay in command of the government but after six months he was murdered by ETA. In November of nineteen seventy five, the General Franco died and the constitution was changed when King Juan Carlos Borbon was named king of Spain. Just then he began the transition of the dictatorship to the democracy.