buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay

buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay Mr Harveys chances of recovering are high and the health professionals should base their decision on this fact. The fact that he has been improving is a good sign that he will be well if he continues with his treatment. The health professionals are guided by medical ethics, which guides them to make decisions, which are of best interest to all the concerned parties. In a situation such as this where they are in a dilemma and do not know whether to lie to the medical authorities in order to save the life of Mr. Harvey or to tell the truth and let his condition worsen, they should therefore base their decision on the medical ethic (Beachamp, 2001). In this case, moral values are in conflict and the decision they make will affect either the patient or them. They should prioritise the patients recovery rather than the Medicare authorities. The decision lies solely on them as the patient is in a comma, and they will use paternalism approach to determine the best course of action. Even though paternalism has been criticized in the past, and many opting for autonomy, where the patient makes the decisions, it cannot be so in this case for the patient is in a comma. Unfortunately, they are not the only parties that are concerned. They are the ones who will influence the decision of the Medicare authorities to either continue or discontinue paying Mr. Harveys bills. Another option they can consider is to advocate for a change in the terms and conditions provided by the Medicare authorities, considering the fact that Mr. Harvey is showing signs of recovery. They can do this by finding outcomes that will benefit both the patient and the Medicare authorities (Baruch, 1988). They can also use Beneficence which is the ethical obligation to do the right and good things for other people in according to their needs. In the case of Mr. Harvey, the best option is to lie to the authorities so that he can continue with his treatment. Buy custom Principles of Biomedical Ethics essay

A Book Review of The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn

A Book Review of The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn Since it was first published in 1993, The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn has provided reassurance for children dealing with difficult transitions and situations. While the focus of the picture book is on fears about starting school, the reassurance and comfort the book provides can be applied to many different situations. Summary of The Kissing Hand The Kissing Hand is the story of Chester Raccoon, who is terrified to tears at the thought of starting kindergarten and being away from his home, his mother and his usual activities. His mother reassures him about all the good things he will find at school, including new friends, toys, and books. Best of all, she tells Chester that she has a wonderful secret that will make him feel at home at school. Its a secret, passed down to Chesters mother by her mother and to her mother by Chesters great-grandmother. The name of the secret is the Kissing Hand. Chester wants to know more, so his mother shows him the secret of the Kissing Hand. After kissing Chesters palm, his mother tells him, Whenever you feel lonely and need a little loving from home, just press your hand to your chest and think, Mommy loves you. Chester is reassured to know that his mothers love will be with him wherever he goes, even kindergarten. Chester is then inspired to give his mother a kissing hand by kissing her palm, which makes her very happy. He then happily goes off to school. The story is slightly stronger than the illustrations, which while colorful, are not as well executed as they could be. However, kids will find Chester to be appealing in both the story and the illustrations. At the end of the book, there is a page of small red heart-shaped stickers that have the words The Kissing Hand printed on each of them in white. This is a nice touch; teachers and counselors can give out the stickers after reading the story to a class or parents can use one whenever a child needs reassurance. According to her website, Audrey Penn was inspired to write The Kissing Hand as a result of something shed seen and something she did as a result. Shed seen a raccoon kiss the palm of her cub, and then the cub put the kiss on his face. When Penns daughter was scared about starting kindergarten, Penn reassured her with a kiss to the palm of her daughters hand. Her daughter was comforted, knowing the kiss would go with her wherever she went, including school. About the Author, Audrey Penn After her career as a ballerina came to an end when she became ill with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Audrey Penn found a new career as a writer. However, she began writing a journal when she was in the fourth grade and continued writing as she was growing up. Those early writings became the basis for her first book, Happy Apple Told Me, published in 1975. The Kissing Hand, her fourth book, was published in 1993 and has become her most well-known book. Audrey Penn received the Educational Press Association of Americas Distinguished Achievement Award for Excellence in Educational Journalism for The Kissing Hand. Penn has written about 20 books for children. In all, Audrey Penn has written 6 picture books about Chester Raccoon and his mother, each focusing on a different situation that can be difficult for a child to deal with: A Pocket Full of Kisses (a new baby brother), A Kiss Goodbye (moving, going to a new school), Chester Raccoon and the Big Bad Bully (dealing with a bully), Chester Raccoon and the Acorn Full of Memories (the death of a friend) and Chester the Brave (overcoming fears), She also wrote A Bedtime Kiss for Chester Raccoon, a board book dealing with bedtime fears. As to why she writes about animals, Penn explains, Everyone can identify with an animal. I never have to worry about prejudice or hurting someones feelings if I use an animal instead of a person.   About the Illustrators, Ruth E. Harper and Nancy M. Leak Ruth E. Harper, who was born in England, has a background as an art teacher. In addition to illustrating The Kissing Hand along with Nancy M. Leak, Harper illustrated Penns picture book Sassafras. Harper uses a variety of media in her work, including pencil, charcoal, pastel, watercolor, and acrylic. Artist Nancy Leak, who lives in Maryland, is known for her printmaking. Barbara Leonard Gibson is the illustrator of all of Audrey Penns other picture books and board books about Chester Raccoon.   Review and Recommendation The Kissing Hand has provided a lot of comfort for scared children over the years. Many schools will read it to a new kindergarten class to ease their fears. In most cases, children are already familiar with the story and the idea of the kissing hand really resonates with young ones. The Kissing Hand was originally published in 1993 by the Child Welfare League of America. In the foreword to the book, Jean Kennedy Smith, founder of Very Special Arts, writes, The Kissing Hand is a story for any child who confronts a difficult situation, and for the child within each of us who sometimes needs reassurance. This book is perfect for children 3 to 8 years old who need comforting and reassurance. (Tanglewood Press, 2006.) More Recommended Picture Books If you are looking for bedtime stories for young children that are reassuring, Amy Hests Kiss Good Night, illustrated by Anita Jeram, is a good recommendation, as is Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown, with illustrations by Clement Hurd. For young children worried about starting school, the following picture books will help ease their fears: First Grade Jitters by Robert Quackenbush, with illustrations by Yan Nascimbene, and Mary Ann Rodmans First Grade Stinks! illustrated by Beth Spiegel. Sources: Audrey Penns website, Tanglewood Press

Canadian History post confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadian History post confederation - Essay Example The threat of 'race suicide' loomed large in the outlook of housing reformers as it did in all the social improvement campaigns of the era. It was widely believed that the deplorable health of the working class, most visibly demonstrated in the high failure rates in military medical inspections, and the large-scale 'infiltration' of non-British immigrants would jeopardize the future of the Anglo-Saxon 'race.' One worrying development noted by reformers was the hesitancy of landlords to rent dwellings to families with children. This reluctance was commonly noted by observers of the urban scene and became particularly serious after the war with the housing shortage. It represented a concrete manifestation of the potential conflict of interest between different sections of capital -- industrialists and landlords -- over questions such as the reproduction of the workforce. As one conservative union bureaucrat in Toronto, J.T. Gunn, put it blatantly in 1920, 'Landlords object to children, with the result that we are drifting into race suicide.' 'Race' was a loosely defined term used extensively by social commentators to designate the peculiar social attributes that allegedly derived from the biology or culture of a particular people. In the English-Canadian case, this attitude was largely rooted in a sense of the inherent superiority of British 'stock' and constituted a fundamental element of the social hierarchy. It reflected the ideological legacy of the conquest of French Canada and the Native peoples, the Anglo-chauvinism associated with the international hegemony of the British Empire, and the Eurocentric racism linked to colonialism and slavery. Whether one was an environmentalist who believed that active intervention could uplift the social and moral conditions of the indigent and socially 'misfit' or a hereditarian who envisioned that social problems originated in immutable biological traits, there was a common opinion that the Canadian 'race' could be bettered. Neither was there disagreement that the physical, mental, and moral state of the race faced grave danger unless prompt action was taken. Early reformers isolated infectious diseases as the main peril because they threatened to overtake the city as a whole. A 1906 editorial in the Toronto Daily News outlined this threat to the 'respectable' classes: 'The Ward constitutes a constant menace to the physical and moral health of the city. It is an open sore from which flow fetid currents which cannot but be corrupting to the whole community.' The metaphor of disease was widely used to depict the slum housing conditions of immigrants and the poor. Dr Charles Hodgetts, head of the Public Health and Housing section of the COC, argued that temporary shack towns on the outskirts of cities were quickly becoming the 'overcrowded permanent homes of a foreign population -- hot beds of parasitic and communicable diseases and breeders of vice and inequity.' Such bigotry was extended to working-class British and American immigrants as

American History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American History - Research Paper Example This research paper determines to answer to four various questions on American History topic. Firstly, the researcher focuses on the factors that led to the emergence of American middle class. It is stated in the research paper that the middle class comprised of farmers of the white origin, mechanics, and the country’s laborers. The continuous oppression and tactical exploitation of their skills led to the diminishing levels of their incomes. Then, the researcher discusses the quest of Indian removal. It is mentioned that Andrew Jackson observed the negative practices of the Indian tribes of Cherokee, Seminoles, Chickasaw, and the Creek to harbor fugitives as unconstitutional and against his personal will. Therefore, he called upon the military police officers to help eradicate the possible stronghold that the dissidents held. Thirdly, the researcher briefly discussed 3. the Oregon tress and stages of developing a frontier. When the American society discovered that importing l abor from the East Asia was cheaper, merchants took heed to aboard and sail the Asians the American society. This was referred to as obtrusion and the immigrants moved to Oregon and uprisings emerged since the Native American was not accommodating. The act resulted to deaths and loss of property but the government maintained little interest to the ongoing crisis. In conclusion, the researcher also discusses the topic of abolitionism of the American slave practices and the antislavery and the abolitionist movement.... Andrew Jackson further found it obstructing to suppress the five tribes, as their unity would subsequently lead to the emergence of revolts against the American government. Another hindrance was that the accord in which the tribes allowed America to acquire half of their land and develop it without any further threats of secession of the land. The removal affected the Native Americans negatively as the continuous aggression by Andrew eventually led to the forced migration and loss of land to the whites (Tucker, 2009). The Native Americans thus, were subjects to poverty following displacements, with the only choice remaining to be slaves and immigrants. 3. The Oregon tress and stages of developing a frontier When the American society discovered that importing labor from the East Asia was cheaper, merchants took heed to aboard and sail the Asians the American society. This was referred to as obtrusion and the immigrants often lived with animosity with the native and the white communiti es that had lost jobs. They moved to Oregon and uprisings emerged since the Native American was not accommodating (Behrman, 2005). The act resulted to deaths and loss of property but the government maintained little interest to the ongoing crisis. Towards half of the 19th century, the government retaliated to the ethnic aggressions, but this following the killings of white men along the Rouge River as it implicated on the seriousness of the issue. The government interest in the Oregon state was to acquire land for the white farmers while displacing the natives. This led to heated animosity as the native tribes continually aggressed and brutally massacred the aliens including the

Introduction of Sociology Essay Example for Free

Introduction of Sociology Essay 1. I think that sociologist should try to reform society, based on what they have studied about sociology. Because the main job of those sociologists is to study and research about the society and the human behavior, they are the ones who understand it the best. As a result, they should reform it, not others. 2. If I were a sociologist, I would use all of sociological perspectives, because each perspective has its own advantage and disadvantage. * Symbolic Interactionism: According to the symbolic interaction’s perspective, people attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to their subjective interpretation of these symbols. Conversation is an interaction of symbols between individuals who constantly interpret the world around them. Of course, anything can serve as a symbol as long as it refers to something beyond itself. However, with the example about applying Symbolic Interactionism to U.S. marriages and divorces over time, this perspective just shows the slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. * Functional Analysis (Functionalism, and structural functionalism) each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to societys functioning as a whole. This basic approach can be applied to any social group, whether an entire society, a college, or even a group as small as a family. Nevertheless, when any social group loses function, functionalism does not encourage people to take an active role in changing their social environment. * Conflict Theory: conflict theorists stress that society is composed of group that are competing with one another for scarce resources. However, with the example about Feminist, the conflict perspective shows that women are more powerful in making headway in their historical struggle with men. As the result, the combination of 3 perspectives is the best sociological perspective I would use.

United States Foreign Policy Toward Jewish Refugees During 1933-1939 :: History Historical foreign Jews Essays

United States Foreign Policy Toward Jewish Refugees During 1933-1939   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In reviewing the events which gave rise to the U.S.'s foreign policy toward Jewish refugees, we must identify the relevant factors upon which such decisions were made. Factors including the U.S. government's policy mechanisms, it's bureaucracy and public opinion, coupled with the narrow domestic political mindedness of President Roosevelt, lead us to ask; Why was the American government apathetic to the point of culpability, and isolationist to the point of irresponsibility, with respect to the systematic persecution and annihilation of the Jewish people of Europe during the period between 1938-1945?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the years of 1933-1939, led by Neville Chamberlain and the British, the United States was pursuing a policy of appeasement toward Hitler. They had tolerated his military build-up and occupation of the Rhineland, both violations of the Treaty of Versailles, as well as the annexing of Austria and the take-over of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Hitler realized early on in his expansionist campaign that Western leaders were too busy dealing with their own domestic problems to pose any real opposition. In the United States, Americans were wrestling with the ravages of the Great Depression. With the lingering memory of the more than 300,000 U.S. troops either killed or injured in World War I, isolationism was the dominant sentiment in most political circles. Americans were not going to be "dragged" into another war by the British. The Depression had bred increased xenophobia and anti-Semitism, and with upward of 30% unemployment in some industrial areas1, many Americans wanted to see immigration halted completely. It was in this context that the democratic world, led by the United States, was faced with a refugee problem that it was morally bound to deal with. The question then became; what would they do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Persecution of the Jews in Germany began officially on April 1st 1933. Hitler had come to power a few weeks earlier and he immediately began the plan, as outlined in his book Mein Kampf, to eliminate "the eternal mushroom of humanity - Jews".2 German Jews were stripped of their citizenship by the Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 and had their businesses and stockholdings seized in 1938. Civil servants, newspaper editors, soldiers and members of the judiciary were dismissed from their positions, while lawyers and physicians were forbidden to practice. Anti-Jewish violence peaked on 9 November 1938, known as the "Night of the Broken Glass" or Kristallnacht, when over 1000 synagogues were burned. Jewish schools, hospitals, books, cemeteries and homes were also destroyed3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mistreatment of non-Aryans in Germany was common knowledge in the U.S. in 1938. After the anschluss, the flow of

Chapter 33 The Death Eaters

Voldemort looked away from Harry and began examining his own body. His hands were like large, pale spiders; his long white fingers caressed his own chest, his arms, his face; the red eyes, whose pupils were slits, like a cats, gleamed still more brightly through the darkness. He held up his hands and flexed the fingers, his expression rapt and exultant. He took not the slightest notice of Wormtail, who lay twitching and bleeding on the ground, nor of the great snake, which had slithered back into sight and was circling Harry again, hissing. Voldemort slipped one of those unnaturally long-fingered hands into a deep pocket and drew out a wand. He caressed it gently too; and then he raised it, and pointed it at Wormtail, who was lifted off the ground and thrown against the headstone where Harry was tied; he fell to the foot of it and lay there, crumpled up and crying. Voldemort turned his scarlet eyes upon Harry, laughing a high, cold, mirthless laugh. Wormtail's robes were shining with blood now; he had wrapped the stump of his arm in them. â€Å"My Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he choked, â€Å"my Lord†¦you promised†¦you did promise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hold out your arm,† said Voldemort lazily. â€Å"Oh Master†¦thank you, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He extended the bleeding stump, but Voldemort laughed again. â€Å"The other arm, Wormtail.† â€Å"Master, please†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Voldemort bent down and pulled out Wormtail's left arm; he forced the sleeve of Wormtail's robes up past his elbow, and Harry saw something upon the skin there, something like a vivid red tattoo – a skull with a snake protruding from its mouth – the image that had appeared in the sky at the Quidditch World Cup: the Dark Mark. Voldemort examined it carefully, ignoring Wormtail's uncontrollable weeping. â€Å"It is back,† he said softly, â€Å"they will all have noticed it†¦and now, we shall see†¦now we shall know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pressed his long white forefinger to the brand on Wormtail's arm. The scar on Harry's forehead seared with a sharp pain again, and Wormtail let out a fresh howl; Voldemort removed his fingers from Wormtail's mark, and Harry saw that it had turned jet black. A look of cruel satisfaction on his face, Voldemort straightened up, threw back his head, and stared around at the dark graveyard. â€Å"How many will be brave enough to return when they feel it?† he whispered, his gleaming red eyes fixed upon the stars. â€Å"And how many will be foolish enough to stay away?† He began to pace up and down before Harry and Wormtail, eyes sweeping the graveyard all the while. After a minute or so, he looked down at Harry again, a cruel smile twisting his snakelike face. â€Å"You stand, Harry Potter, upon the remains of my late father,† he hissed softly. â€Å"A Muggle and a fool†¦very like your dear mother. But they both had their uses, did they not? Your mother died to defend you as a child†¦and I killed my father, and see how useful he has proved himself, in death†¦.† Voldemort laughed again. Up and down he paced, looking all around him as he walked, and the snake continued to circle in the grass. â€Å"You see that house upon the hillside, Potter? My father lived there. My mother, a witch who lived here in this village, fell in love with him. But he abandoned her when she told him what she was†¦.He didn't like magic, my father†¦ â€Å"He left her and returned to his Muggle parents before I was even born. Potter, and she died giving birth to me, leaving me to be raised in a Muggle orphanage†¦but I vowed to find him†¦I revenged myself upon him, that fool who gave me his name†¦Tom Riddle†¦.† Still he paced, his red eyes darting from grave to grave. â€Å"Listen to me, reliving family history†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said quietly, â€Å"why, I am growing quite sentimental†¦.But look, Harry! My true family returns†¦.† The air was suddenly full of the swishing of cloaks. Between graves, behind the yew tree, in every shadowy space, wizards were Apparating. All of them were hooded and masked. And one by one they moved forward†¦slowly, cautiously, as though they could hardly believe their eyes Voldemort stood in silence, waiting for them. Then one of the Death Eaters fell to his knees, crawled toward Voldemort and kissed the hem of his black robes. â€Å"Master†¦Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he murmured. The Death Eaters behind him did the same; each of them approaching Voldemort on his knees and kissing his robes, before backing away and standing up, forming a silent circle, which enclosed Tom Riddle's grave, Harry, Voldemort, and the sobbing and twitching heap that was Wormtail. Yet they left gaps in the circle, as though waiting for more people. Voldemort, however, did not seem to expect more. He looked around at the hooded faces, and though there was no wind rustling seemed to run around the circle, as though it had shivered. â€Å"Welcome, Death Eaters,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"Thirteen years†¦thirteen years since last we met. Yet you answer my call as though it were yesterday, we are still united under the Dark Mark, then! Or are we?† He put back his terrible face and sniffed, his slit-like nostrils widening. â€Å"I smell guilt,† he said. â€Å"There is a stench or guilt upon the air. A second shiver ran around the circle, as though each member of it longed, but did not dare to step back from him. â€Å"I see you all, whole and healthy, with your powers intact – such prompt appearances! and I ask myself†¦why did this band of wizards never come to the aid of their master, to whom they swore eternal loyalty?† No one spoke. No one moved except Wormtail, who was upon the ground, still sobbing over his bleeding arm. â€Å"And I answer myself,† whispered Voldemort, â€Å"they must have believed me broken, they thought I was gone. They slipped back among my enemies, and they pleaded innocence, and ignorance, and bewitchment †¦. â€Å"And then I ask myself, but how could they have believed I would not rise again? They, who knew the steps I took, long ago, to guard myself against mortal death? They, who had seen proofs of the immensity of my power in the times when I was mightier than any wizard living? â€Å"And I answer myself, perhaps they believed a still greater power could exist, one that could vanquish even Lord Voldemort†¦perhaps they now pay allegiance to another†¦perhaps that champion of commoners, of Mudbloods and Muggles, Albus Dumbledore?† At the mention of Dumbledore's name, the members of the circle stirred, and some muttered and shook their heads. Voldemort ignored them. â€Å"It is a disappointment to me†¦I confess myself disappointed†¦.† One of the men suddenly flung himself forward, breaking the circle. Trembling from head to foot, he collapsed at Voldemort's feet. â€Å"Master!† he shrieked, â€Å"Master, forgive me! Forgive us all!† Voldemort began to laugh. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† The Death Eater on the ground writhed and shrieked; Harry was sure the sound must carry to the houses around†¦.Let the police come, he thought desperately†¦anyone†¦anything†¦ Voldemort raised his wand. The tortured Death Eater lay flat upon the ground, gasping. â€Å"Get up, Avery,† said Voldemort softly. â€Å"Stand up. You ask for forgiveness? I do not forgive. I do not forget. Thirteen long years†¦I want thirteen years' repayment before I forgive you. Wormtail here has paid some of his debt already, have you not, Wormtail?† He looked down at Wormtail, who continued to sob. â€Å"You returned to me, not out of loyalty, but out of fear of your old friends. You deserve this pain, Wormtail. You know that, don't you?† â€Å"Yes, Master,† moaned Wormtail, â€Å"please. Master†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yet you helped return me to my body,† said Voldemort coolly, watching Wormtail sob on the ground. â€Å"Worthless and traitorous as you are, you helped me†¦and Lord Voldemort rewards his helpers†¦.† Voldemort raised his wand again and whirled it through the air. A streak of what looked like molten silver hung shining in the wand's wake. Momentarily shapeless, it writhed and then formed itself into a gleaming replica of a human hand, bright as moonlight, which soared downward and fixed itself upon Wormtail's bleeding wrist. Wormtail's sobbing stopped abruptly. His breathing harsh and ragged, he raised his head and stared in disbelief at the silver hand, now attached seamlessly to his arm, as though he were wearing a dazzling glove. He flexed the shining fingers, then, trembling, picked up a small twig on the ground and crushed it into powder. â€Å"My Lord,† he whispered. â€Å"Master†¦it is beautiful†¦thank you†¦thank you†¦.† He scrambled forward on his knees and kissed the hem of Voldemort's robes. â€Å"May your loyalty never waver again, Wormtail,† said Voldemort. â€Å"No, my Lord†¦never, my Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Wormtail stood up and took his place in the circle, staring at his powerful new hand, his face still shining with tears. Voldemort now approached the man on Wormtail's right. â€Å"Lucius, my slippery friend,† he whispered, halting before him. â€Å"I am told that you have not renounced the old ways, though to the world you present a respectable face. You are still ready to take the lead in a spot of Muggle-torture, I believe? Yet you never tried to find me, Lucius†¦.Your exploits at the Quidditch World Cup were fun, I daresay†¦but might not your energies have been better directed toward finding and aiding your master?† â€Å"My Lord, I was constantly on the alert,† came Lucius Malfoy's voice swiftly from beneath the hood. â€Å"Had there been any sign from you, any whisper of your whereabouts, I would have been at your side immediately, nothing could have prevented me -â€Å" â€Å"And yet you ran from my Mark, when a faithful Death Eater sent it into the sky last summer?† said Voldemort lazily, and Mr. Malfoy stopped talking abruptly. â€Å"Yes, I know all about that, Lucius†¦.You have disappointed me†¦.I expect more faithful service in the future.† â€Å"Of course, my Lord, of course†¦.You are merciful, thank you†¦.† Voldemort moved on, and stopped, staring at the space – large enough for two people – that separated Malfoy and the next man. â€Å"The Lestranges should stand here,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"But they are entombed in Azkaban. They were faithful. They went to Azkaban rather than renounce me†¦.When Azkaban is broken open, the Lestranges will be honored beyond their dreams. The dementors will join us†¦they are our natural allies†¦we will recall the banished giants†¦I shall have all my devoted servants returned to me, and an army of creatures whom all fear†¦.† He walked on. Some of the Death Eaters he passed in silence, but he paused before others and spoke to them. â€Å"Macnair†¦destroying dangerous beasts for the Ministry of Magic now, Wormtail tells me? You shall have better victims than that soon, Macnair. Lord Voldemort will provide†¦.† â€Å"Thank you, Master†¦thank you,† murmured Macnair. â€Å"And here† – Voldemort moved on to the two largest hooded figures – â€Å"we have Crabbe†¦you will do better this time, will you not, Crabbe? And you, Goyle?† They bowed clumsily, muttering dully. â€Å"Yes, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We will, Master†¦.† â€Å"The same goes for you, Nott,† said Voldemort quietly as he walked past a stooped figure in Mr. Goyles shadow. â€Å"My Lord, I prostrate myself before you, I am your most faithful -â€Å" â€Å"That will do,† said Voldemort. He had reached the largest gap of all, and he stood surveying it with his blank, red eyes, as though he could see people standing there. â€Å"And here we have six missing Death Eaters†¦three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return†¦he will pay. One, who I believe has left me forever†¦he will be killed, of course†¦and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service.† The Death Eaters stirred, and Harry saw their eyes dart sideways at one another through their masks. â€Å"He is at Hogwarts, that faithful servant, and it was through his efforts that our young friend arrived here tonight†¦. â€Å"Yes,† said Voldemort, a grin curling his lipless mouth as the eyes of the circle flashed in Harry's direction. â€Å"Harry Potter has kindly joined us for my rebirthing party. One might go so far as to call him my guest of honor.† There was a silence. Then the Death Eater to the right of Wormtail stepped forward, and Lucius Malfoy's voice spoke from under the mask. â€Å"Master, we crave to know†¦we beg you to tell us†¦how you have achieved this†¦this miracle†¦how you managed to return to us†¦.† â€Å"Ah, what a story it is, Lucius,† said Voldemort. â€Å"And it begins – and ends – with my young friend here.† He walked lazily over to stand next to Harry, so that the eyes of the whole circle were upon the two of them. The snake continued to circle. â€Å"You know, of course, that they have called this boy my downfall?† Voldemort said softly, his red eyes upon Harry, whose scar began to burn so fiercely that he almost screamed in agony. â€Å"You all know that on the night I lost my powers and my body, I tried to kill him. His mother died in the attempt to save him – and unwittingly provided him with a protection I admit I had not foreseen†¦.I could not touch the boy.† Voldemort raised one of his long white fingers and put it very close to Harry's cheek. â€Å"His mother left upon him the traces other sacrifice†¦.This is old magic, I should have remembered it, I was foolish to overlook it†¦but no matter. I can touch him now.† Harry felt the cold tip of the long white finger touch him, and thought his head would burst with the pain. Voldemort laughed softly in his ear, then took the finger away and continued addressing the Death Eaters. â€Å"I miscalculated, my friends, I admit it. My curse was deflected by the woman's foolish sacrifice, and it rebounded upon myself. Aaah†¦pain beyond pain, my friends; nothing could have prepared me for it. I was ripped from my body, I was less than spirit, less than the meanest ghost†¦but still, I was alive. What I was, even I do not know†¦I, who have gone further than anybody along the path that leads to immortality. You know my goal – to conquer death. And now, I was tested, and it appeared that one or more of my experiments had worked†¦for I had not been killed, though the curse should have done it. Nevertheless, I was as powerless as the weakest creature alive, and without the means to help myself†¦for I had no body, and every spell that might have helped me required the use of a wand†¦. â€Å"I remember only forcing myself, sleeplessly, endlessly, second by second, to exist†¦.I settled in a faraway place, in a forest, and I waited†¦.Surely, one of my faithful Death Eaters would try and find me†¦one of them would come and perform the magic I could not, to restore me to a body†¦, but I waited in vain†¦.† The shiver ran once more around the circle of listening Death Eaters. Voldemort let the silence spiral horribly before continuing. â€Å"Only one power remained to me. I could possess the bodies of others. But I dared not go where other humans were plentiful, for I knew that the Aurors were still abroad and searching for me. I sometimes inhabited animals – snakes, of course, being my preference – but I was little better off inside them than as pure spirit, for their bodies were ill adapted to perform magic†¦and my possession of them shortened their lives; none of them lasted long†¦. â€Å"Then†¦four years ago†¦the means for my return seemed assured. A wizard – young, foolish, and gullible – wandered across my path in the forest I had made my home. Oh, he seemed the very chance I had been dreaming of†¦for he was a teacher at Dumbledore's school†¦he was easy to bend to my will†¦he brought me back to this country, and after a while, I took possession of his body, to supervise him closely as he carried out my orders. But my plan failed. I did not manage to steal the Sorcerer's Stone. I was not to be assured immortal life. I was thwarted†¦thwarted, once again, by Harry Potter†¦.† Silence once more; nothing was stirring, not even the leaves on the yew tree. The Death Eaters were quite motionless, the glittering eyes in their masks fixed upon Voldemort, and upon Harry. â€Å"The servant died when I left his body, and I was left as weak as ever I had been,† Voldemort continued. â€Å"I returned to my hiding place far away, and I will not pretend to you that I didn't then fear that I might never regain my powers†¦.Yes, that was perhaps my darkest hour†¦I could not hope that I would be sent another wizard to possess†¦and I had given up hope, now, that any of my Death Eaters cared what had become of me†¦.† One or two of the masked wizards in the circle moved uncomfortably, but Voldemort took no notice. â€Å"And then, not even a year ago, when I had almost abandoned hope, it happened at last†¦a servant returned to me. Wormtail here, who had faked his own death to escape justice, was driven out of hiding by those he had once counted friends, and decided to return to his master. He sought me in the country where it had long been rumored I was hiding†¦helped, of course, by the rats he met along the way. Wormtail has a curious affinity with rats, do you not, Wormtail? His filthy little friends told him there was a place, deep in an Albanian forest, that they avoided, where small animals like themselves had met their deaths by a dark shadow that possessed them†¦. â€Å"But his journey back to me was not smooth, was it, Wormtail? For, hungry one night, on the edge of the very forest where he had hoped to find me, he foolishly stopped at an inn for some food†¦and who should he meet there, but one Bertha Jorkins, a witch from the Ministry of Magic. â€Å"Now see the way that fate favors Lord Voldemort. This might have been the end of Wormtail, and of my last hope for regeneration. But Wormtail – displaying a presence of mind I would never have expected from him – convinced Bertha Jorkins to accompany him on a nighttime stroll. He overpowered her†¦he brought her to me. And Bertha Jorkins, who might have ruined all, proved instead to be a gift beyond my wildest dreams†¦for – with a little persuasion – she became a veritable mine of information. â€Å"She told me that the Triwizard Tournament would be played at Hogwarts this year. She told me that she knew of a faithful Death Eater who would be only too willing to help me, if I could only contact him. She told me many things†¦but the means I used to break the Memory Charm upon her were powerful, and when I had extracted all useful information from her, her mind and body were both damaged beyond repair. She had now served her purpose. I could not possess her. I disposed of her.† Voldemort smiled his terrible smile, his red eyes blank and pitiless. â€Å"Wormtail's body, of course, was ill adapted for possession, as all assumed him dead, and would attract far too much attention if noticed. However, he was the able-bodied servant I needed, and, poor wizard though he is, Wormtail was able to follow the instructions I gave him, which would return me to a rudimentary, weak body of my own, a body I would be able to inhabit while awaiting the essential ingredients for true rebirth†¦a spell or two of my own invention†¦a little help from my dear Nagini,† Voldemort's red eyes fell upon the continually circling snake, â€Å"a potion concocted from unicorn blood, and the snake venom Nagini provided†¦I was soon returned to an almost human form, and strong enough to travel. â€Å"There was no hope of stealing the Sorcerer's Stone anymore, for I knew that Dumbledore would have seen to it that it was destroyed. But I was willing to embrace mortal life again, before chasing immortality. I set my sights lower†¦I would settle for my old body back again, and my old strength. â€Å"I knew that to achieve this – it is an old piece of Dark Magic, the potion that revived me tonight – I would need three powerful ingredients. Well, one of them was already at hand, was it not, Wormtail? Flesh given by a servant†¦. â€Å"My father's bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried. But the blood of a foe†¦Wormtail would have had me use any wizard, would you not, Wormtail? Any wizard who had hated me†¦as so many of them still do. But I knew the one I must use, if I was to rise again, more powerful than I had been when I had fallen. I wanted Harry Potters blood. I wanted the blood of the one who had stripped me of power thirteen years ago†¦for the lingering protection his mother once gave him would then reside in my veins too†¦. â€Å"But how to get at Harry Potter? For he has been better protected than I think even he knows, protected in ways devised by Dumbledore long ago, when it fell to him to arrange the boy's future. Dumbledore invoked an ancient magic, to ensure the boy's protection as long as he is in his relations' care. Not even I can touch him there†¦.Then, of course, there was the Quidditch World Cup†¦.I thought his protection might be weaker there, away from his relations and Dumbledore, but I was not yet strong enough to attempt kidnap in the midst of a horde of Ministry wizards. And then, the boy would return to Hogwarts, where he is under the crooked nose of that Muggle-loving fool from morning until night. So how could I take him? â€Å"Why†¦by using Bertha Jorkins's information, of course. Use my one faithful Death Eater, stationed at Hogwarts, to ensure that the boy's name was entered into the Goblet of Fire. Use my Death Eater to ensure that the boy won the tournament – that he touched the Triwizard Cup first – the cup which my Death Eater had turned into a Portkey, which would bring him here, beyond the reach of Dumbledore's help and protection, and into my waiting arms. And here he is†¦the boy you all believed had been my downfall†¦.† Voldemort moved slowly forward and turned to face Harry. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† It was pain beyond anything Harry had ever experienced; his very bones were on fire; his head was surely splitting along his scar; his eyes were rolling madly in his head; he wanted it to end†¦to black out†¦to die†¦ And then it was gone. He was hanging limply in the ropes binding him to the headstone of Voldemort's father, looking up into those bright red eyes through a kind of mist. The night was ringing with the sound of the Death Eaters' laughter. â€Å"You see, I think, how foolish it was to suppose that this boy could ever have been stronger than me,† said Voldemort. â€Å"But I want there to be no mistake in anybody's mind. Harry Potter escaped me by a lucky chance. And I am now going to prove my power by killing him, here and now, in front of you all, when there is no Dumbledore to help him, and no mother to die for him. I will give him his chance. He will be allowed to fight, and you will be left in no doubt which of us is the stronger. Just a little longer, Nagini,† he whispered, and the snake glided away through the grass to where the Death Eaters stood watching. â€Å"Now untie him, Wormtail, and give him back his wand.†